In your own words, explain the role of scientific investigation in the development of the Theory of Natural Selection
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Are you looking for historical analysis or a broader answer applicable to other fields of research?
historical analysis
Before the 19th centrury, there was some speculation by scientists that organisms developed by incidental changes, but Jean Baptist Lamarck was most notable. He speculated that organisms inherited characteristics that were adaptive to their environment; this is called Lamarckism. However, it wasn't until Charles Darwin came along that the theory of natural selection really bloomed; if you're not familiar with him, he sailed to the Galapagos Islands in a ship called 'Beagle' and observed finches, and how they had adapted from one island to fit the food resources/changes on another one of the island (like, beaks were longer if the main food source was bugs, etc). In his 'Origin of Species' (book on natural selection, he said, "the principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved,". While his ideas were considered very strange/unusual at the time, they were very conclusive, however, people still had some criticism of his ideas because of their own belief systems. It wasn't until later that these ideas would be fully accepted.
After a scientist proposes an idea, usually, it takes the work and findings of other scientists (testing the same idea) to make it concrete. Hope that helps!
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