Question

Population growth and the domestication of plants and animals brought on new cultural changes, such as ?

Answer 1

new uses of cattle, farming techniques, foundations, new practices on agriculture

Answer 2

Government. In a tribal society, more or less a bunch of clans traveling in small groups, it is easy to make decisions by consensus and tradition and argument on the spot. When you are trying to coordinate 10,000 people living in one spot, some kind of formal power structure -- with associated apparatus of written laws, courts, and enforcement by means of deadly force -- because necessary.

Since government is necessarily a function of a minority of the members of the city/village/whatever, it now becomes necessariy to have some cultural reason for obeying it, since it will no longer, in each and every decision, necessarily represent the majority opinion, as a consensus decision of a tribe would.

So you start to have ideas that (1) some people are better than others, natural leaders, and you should follow them because everything will work out better, and the sons of the previous leaders should become the new leaders, and the sons of previous lords and dukes should succeed to those titles on the deaths of their fathers, or (2) there is a God or gods who have decreed the order of things, and they have certain lieutenants on Earth -- kings they anoint, priests -- and you had best follow their directions or God (or the gods) will smite you, or (3) you can choose your leaders by some kind of vote process, periodically, and it's best between elections to do what the leaders say, no matter whether you agree or ot, because that will lead to the best outcomes, in the long run, or because being in the minority makes you a dirty rotten scoundrel anyway, or because God (or gods) said so.

The entire purpose of culture, generally speaking, is to get people to do stuff they wouldn't do of their own accord, using teh facts known to them personally. A culture of "stay in school and don't do drugs" is supposed to prevent a young person to whom smoking weed and not studying calculus is more appealing right now from following his feelings and immediate judgment. he's supposed to say: but everyone else says this is a bad idea, so I will take it on faith they're right, and not do what seems to me right to do just now.

Government is the process of commanding people to do stuff they don't actually want to do, for their own reasons, right now. (If people always wanted to do what government would otherwise order them to do -- what would you need government for?) So the two go closely together. There is a close kinship between culture and government, and most broad cultural traditions are ways of easing or reinforcing the style of government that the people in question have chosen.

There are other cultural traditions of art, but I can't see any serious change in those because of civilization. Hunter-gatherers paint, and so do city dwellers. Both sing, and dance, and make little fantasy plays. To be sure, the sophistication and extent of their art varies, but I would say the mere size and complexity of a work of art is its least important characteristic.