Question

One of the central themes in biology is how DNA, RNA, and proteins are related. Describe how genetic information travels from DNA in the nucleus to the formation of proteins. Include the specific roles of transcription and translation in this process. really need answer

Answer 1

Basically, DNA and RNA are related because they both contain genetic information that houses in instructions nessescary for building a protein.

Answer 2

DNA is permanent, RNA is temporary,
The DNA is strand is broken and copied into mRNA,
it passes through to the nucleolus then into cytoplasm to meet ribosome that make the protein, transcription begins.

Answer 3

tRNA then brings amino acids to the ribosome and pair up the mRNA strand, forming a polypeptide chain.

Answer 4

Translation occurs here, were involves converting the base sequence on mRNA to an amino acid sequence in a protein.

Answer 5

It is through the Transcription & then Translation processes each occurring in the Nucleus and Cytoplasm accordingly that proteins are produced.first check this image out:
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/proteinsyn.jpg
keep in mind that Transcription occurs first and then Translation.Now the roles that you said,i'll keep it simple:
A.the role of the TRANSCRIPTION phase: this is where the genetic information transcribe from DNA to mRNA(messenger RNA)(interesting that this way the information in DNA remains untainted)and has 3 steps :
1-Binding of RNA Polymerase (an enzyme) to DNA.
2-Elongation => the DNA strand is unwinded by other proteins called transcription factors.
3-Termination => RNA Polymerase enzyme moves along ONE of the DNA strands until it reaches a place called terminator sequence,then this enzyme releases the mRNA and detaches from DNA.
so we can say that the role of this phase is producing the prerequisite for the second phase,"the mRNA".
B.the role of TRANSLATION phase:protein synthesis is through this one.mRNA after leaving the nucleus undergoes some modifications.tRNA has an important role here,it translates the nucleotide sequence of mRNA to an amino acid sequence.so we can say that the role of this phase is using the product of the first phase and producing "the protein".
i hope it help you.