Question

Identifying Organic Compounds

Answer 1

true, all organic compounds have carbon.
Identifying organic compounds is a science all its own.
They are partially identified to type by chemical reactions like how proteins or amides react.
They are partially identified by mass spectrometry where the molecule is broken-up and the mass of component atoms is analyzed to give a molecular formula.
Then Infrared or microwave spectrometry is used to outline the structure of the molecule from the known formula.
With very large molecules, its physical structure can be outlined by xray or electron microscopy.
So it is not just one thing that identifies organic compounds.
It is a fun part of physical chemistry to find an unknown compound and elucidate its structure and sometimes its biological function.