Question

In the forest food web shown below, which of the following organisms could be considered primary consumers?

A diagram of a forest food web. The web includes shrubs and elm tree at the bottom of the web and the hawk at the top. Other organisms include mouse, bacteria, fungi, insects, elm tree, bird, snakes and hawk. All organisms in the web are connected to bacteria and fungi. In addition, shrubs are connected to the mouse. The elm tree is connected to insects. Insects are connected to the bird. The bird is connected to the hawk and the snake. The mouse is connected to snakes and the hawk. S

Answer 1

In the forest food web shown below, which of the following organisms could be considered primary consumers?

A diagram of a forest food web. The web includes shrubs and elm tree at the bottom of the web and the hawk at the top. Other organisms include mouse, bacteria, fungi, insects, elm tree, bird, snakes and hawk. All organisms in the web are connected to bacteria and fungi. In addition, shrubs are connected to the mouse. The elm tree is connected to insects. Insects are connected to the bird. The bird is connected to the hawk and the snake. The mouse is connected to snakes and the hawk. Snakes are connected to the hawk.

Hawk, fungi, bacteria

Mouse, snake, bacteria

Snake, mouse, hawk

Insects, bird, mouse

Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.01 MC)

Which of the following best explains what would happen if there were no autotrophs in an ecosystem?

They are the first trophic level in an ecosystem and without them the rest of the organisms in the ecosystem would have no source of energy.

They are the top trophic level in an ecosystem and without them the herbivores would have to adapt to consuming other heterotrophs for energy.

They are the first trophic level in an ecosystem and without them heterotrophs would overpopulate.

They are the top trophic level in an ecosystem and without them the ecosystem would collapse.

Question 3 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.01 MC)

Which of the following best explains what would happen if there were no primary consumers in an ecosystem?

The population of producers would decrease, while less energy would be transferred from autotrophs to heterotrophs.

The population of producers would increase, while carnivores would lose their energy source.

The population of producers would increase, while more energy would be transferred from the secondary consumers to the producers.

The population of producers would decrease, while herbivores would adapt to using heterotrophs as an energy source.

Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.02 MC)

If the water temperature in a lake rises from 10oC to 25oC, what effect is it likely to have on aquatic animals that have a high demand for dissolved oxygen?

They will adapt to the change in temperature and use less dissolved oxygen.

They will leave the lake and find another with cooler water.

They will find it easier to meet their needs for dissolved oxygen.

They will find it harder to meet their needs for dissolved oxygen.

Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.02 HC)

In an area with very tall trees shading an understory of shorter trees, all of which have epiphytes growing on them, which of the following other conditions are most likely to exist as well?

It is near 30o latitude north or south or on the leeward side of a mountain range.
Moist air is rising over the area.
Night temperatures are much colder than daytime temperatures.
The soil has a thick layer of decomposed, nutrient-rich organic material.
There is an extremely high diversity of species in the area.
There is little rainfall and frequent fires regularly cut the vegetation to the ground.

4 and 6

1 and 3

2 and 5

3 and 4

Question 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.02 LC)

Broad-leafed trees in a temperate zone lose their leaves

to survive the extreme temperatures of summer

to survive a lack of rain in the dry season

to survive colder seasonal temperatures

to allow for greater penetration of sunlight

Question 7 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.02 MC)

At what time of the year are animals living in a tropical rain forest most likely to reproduce?

In spring and summer to coincide with the growing season

In fall or winter to take advantage of food that grew in summer

Generally in winter since food can be stockpiled and adults can rest

At any time during the year when their preferred food is most available

Question 8 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.04 MC)

Which of the following best describes a consequence of clearing land for mining?

A greater risk of flooding and natural disasters

A decline in the diversity of species living in the area of the mine

Reduced erosion as pits are created to collect sediment

Increased soil fertility as nutrients are brought closer to the surface

Question 9 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.04 HC)

The Cuban tree frog is an invasive tree frog that was first found in the United States in the early 1900s. Which of the following describes the most likely long-term consequence of the introduction of the Cuban tree frog?

Native tree frog populations will decline and possibly become extinct.

Secondary consumers will overpopulate due to a large increase in food sources.

The Cuban tree frog will become unable to survive in its original territory.

Native tree frogs will adapt to become more similar to Cuban tree frogs in order to survive.

Question 10 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.04 MC)

Which of the following best describes a way in which human lifestyle affects the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

Deforestation decreases the amount of water vapor (H2O) in the atmosphere.

Using aerosol sprays increases the amount of ozone (O3) in the atmosphere.

Using appliances that absorb radiation decreases the amount of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere.

Burning fossil fuels increases the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.

Question 11 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.04 HC)

Japan is the leading producer of farm-raised shrimp, offering a lower price than Americans who farm or catch shrimp for a living. Shrimp farming requires converting coastline estuaries into holding pens for the baby shrimp to grow in. What will be the long-term consequences for Japan if this industry continues to grow?

Increased growth in the near-shore fishing and crabbing industries of Japan

Increased estuarine diversity because of new predators

Decreased pollution of estuaries and coastal waterways.

Decreased number of fish species who use the estuaries

Question 12 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.04 MC)

A university is developing plans to build a new athletic stadium. Which of the following describes an important environmental parameter that needs to be researched before building can begin?

The costs involved in paying contractors for construction

The time it would take before the stadium could open

The materials needed for construction

The extent of land that would need to be cleared

Question 13 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.04 MC)

Septic tanks can leach nitrates into water systems, like rivers and aquifers. However, some homes are too far away from municipal treatment facilities to use anything else. What can county officials reasonably do to ensure septic systems are not harming their community?

Prohibit the use of all septic systems in new construction

Charge extra fees and taxes on home owners who have septic systems

Create additional treatment facilities for outlying communities

Test water sources regularly and require system inspections of home owners

Question 14 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.05 MC)

Which of the following best describes what happens to atmospheric carbon as it moves through the carbon cycle?

It forms fossil fuels through the process of sedimentation.

It combines with pollutants to become acid rain through the process of transpiration.

It is converted into complex carbohydrates through the process of cellular respiration.

It becomes glucose through the process of photosynthesis.

Question 15 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.05 HC)

Review the water cycle diagram below. What effect would removing the precipitation stage have on this environment?

The sun and clouds are in the sky, and snowy mountains are by the ocean. The cross-section of the mountains is on the bottom left to illustrate the water underground. Clouds are the water storage in the atmosphere. Water comes to the earth in some forms of precipitation. Water stores in ice and snow on the top of the mountains. Snowmelt runs off to streams. Part of the stream flow evaporates, and part of it goes to fresh water storage, such as a lake. Water that falls on the surface of the earth goes back to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration, goes to the ocean, or runs to freshwater storages. Water that comes down from the atmosphere also infiltrates into the ground. Part of the underground water will discharge back to the surface to springs, freshwater storages and oceans. Part of the underground water will be water storage and eventually discharge to the oceans. Water also stores in oceans. Through evaporation and condensation, water goes back to the atmosphere.

There would be little snow and ice accumulation on the mountains.

There would be more evapotranspiration in the atmosphere.

There would be less water in the nearby oceans or bodies of water.

There would be increased surface runoff and groundwater discharge.

Question 16 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.05 MC)

Which of the following correctly compares the benefits of two forms of renewable energy?

Biomass energy and geothermal energy are both clean energy sources.

Geothermal energy and natural gas are both clean energy sources.

Solar power and wind power are both clean energy sources.

Natural gas and solar power are both clean energy sources.

Question 17 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)

(04.04 HC)

Which of the following best describes the long-term impact of using a nonrenewable energy source?

Geothermal energy can disrupt the water table and damages groundwater.

Burning biomass to produce energy releases greenhouse gases.

Petroleum releases carbon dioxide and pollutes water supplies.

Nuclear power damages the atmosphere by producing air pollution.

Question 18 (Essay Worth 1 points)

You may be excused from some lessons in this module based on your pretest score. You will still be responsible for all lesson content on the module and segment exams. Do you feel comfortable with the content in this pretest?