Question

For this assignment, you will write an essay describing the production of protein molecules through transcription and translation. Your essay should include discussions of the following: ■DNA ■mRNA ■RNA polymerase ■base pairing ■transcription ■translation ■tRNA ■rRNA ■ribosomes ■amino acids ■protein

Answer 1

What I could do, to help, is explain any one of those terms for you.

Each explanation would be detailed,
and I would try to make it very easy to understand.

You could then use the information from my explanations to write up an essay for yourself.

Out of all those vocabulary terms, are there any that you're not so familiar with?

Answer 2

thank you and yea the polymearse??? i have no idea what that is

Answer 3

RNA Polymerase is an enzyme. A special protein that helps make RNA, from DNA.

Maybe you know this already --
TRANSCRIPTION is where an RNA strand is made from DNA.

Take a look at this picture here:
http://0.tqn.com/d/biology/1/0/4/Y/transcription.jpg

Here, we can see transcription happening.

Take a look at the top half of the picture.

Do you see those two BLUE strands? Those are DNA strands.

And do you see the big PURPLE BLOB? That's RNA Polymerase.

The RNA Polymerase is scanning the DNA strand.

And as it scans the DNA strand,
it puts together an RNA strand.

Do you see that PURPLE strand, in the middle of the two BLUE strands?
That PURPLE strand is the RNA.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~

So, again,
during TRANSCRIPTION,
RNA Polymerase scans DNA,
and puts together RNA.

Answer 4

Okay now I understand rna polymerase but how does the production of protein molecules tie into that?

Answer 5

Well, after RNA has been made,
the RNA gets scanned by RIBOSOMES.

And as the ribosomes scan the RNA,
tRNA brings AMINO ACIDS to the ribosome.

This whole process is called TRANSLATION.

AMINO ACIDS are the building blocks of proteins.

Once the amino acids are all assembled,
they can combine and form PROTEINS.

Answer 6

Thanks. But what about base airing and tRNA how does protein molecules get produces tie into this?

Answer 7

Okay, base pairing.

Do you know about the FIVE types of nucleo bases?

Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
** Uracil (U)


I put ** next to URACIL,
because it is only found on RNA.
ONLY RNA.

As we talked about before,
during TRANSCRIPTION,
RNA Polymerase scans DNA, and makes RNA strands.

As the RNA Polymerase reads the RNA,
it pays special attention to the bases.

A goes to U
T goes to A
G goes to C
C goes to G

So, for example,
every time the RNA Polymerase sees an A on the DNA,
it will put the letter U on the RNA strand that it is making.

Every time the Polymerase see the letter T on the DNA,
it will put the letter A, on the RNA strand that it is making.


DNA and RNA are both made of nucleo bases.

Take a look at this picture:
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/images/transcription/startrans.gif

Again, it's a picture of TRANSCRIPTION.

The BLUE strands are the DNA strands.
The RED strand is the RNA strand.

Do you see how the bases match up?

A >> U
T >> A
G >> C
C >> G

Answer 8

Okay, so after transcription comes TRANSLATION.

TRANSLATION is where the RIBOSOMES read the mRNA.

And as they read the mRNA,
they get AMINO ACIDS, from the tRNA.

The ribosomes read the RNA,
THREE letters at a time.

You might've talked about this in class.
Three letters make up one CODON.

A CODON is a group of three letters.
Three nucleo bases.

Okay...so again.

During TRANSLATION,
the RIBOSOMES read the mRNA, THREE letters at a time,
and they put together AMINO ACIDS.

Take a look at this chart:
http://dtc.pima.edu/blc/181/Lessons/L12/12step3/12step3images/genetic_code.gif

This is an amino acid translation chart.

There are many different kinds of amino acids.

And this chart shows us how the ribosomes know which amino acids to make.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~

We can read the chart, with three easy steps.

QUESTION: Which amino acid would be made, with the codon (U A C) ?

1. Find the FIRST letter (U), on the LEFT side of the chart.
2. Find the SECOND letter (A), on TOP of the chart.
3. Find the THIRD letter (C), on the RIGHT side of the chart.

So, after I find all three letters,
I can see that they come together at (Tyr),
you see?

(Tyr) stands for Tyrosine.
It's an amino acid.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

After enough amino acids have been made,
they can all fold together (combine) into proteins.

AMINO ACIDS are the building blocks of PROTEINS.

In other words, they make up proteins.

Answer 9

Thank you speak much this was such a great help for me and now I can finally do this essay.so thank you again and you are so awesome

Answer 10

So you're okay with all this info? You're welcome, it's no problem.

Answer 11

Yes I'm good

Answer 12

Lol. You just wrote her the essay.

Answer 13

Yes. Yes I did. Anything you say, abb0t. Anything. You get a medal.

Answer 14

wow InYourHead your really smart, that helped me a lot and abb0t your right hopefully I can copy word for word.

Answer 15

thanks so much you weren't intensionally helping me but it was great and it helped.