Question

Shared core processes support the relatedness of all eukaryotes. Discuss how chromosome structure and function provides insights into the history of life on Earth.

Answer 1

Here are my thoughts:

Chromosomes are long strands of DNA coiled tightly around histones. Histones help regulate gene expression, because when the DNA is wrapped around them, they cannot be transcribed. Chromatin (combination DNA and protein) prevents damage to the DNA and organizes it into chromosomes to aid in mitosis. Because there is much less room for error in eukaryotes, we are able to map the genome of eukaryotic organisms more readily.

Answer 2

I think that the study of telomeres (the non-coding ends of chromosomes, which protect from shortening of the coding sequences of the DNA) can show the lineage similarities between eukaryotes. Introns (non-coding DNA) and exons (expressed DNA) are also useful in mapping genomes.

Answer 3

also, for evolution,

1. chromosomes started with circular type with primitive replication
2. there was no concept of mitosis and meiosis
3. then you have the complex meisois wherein the chromosomes undergo super-coiling using Histones
4. crossing-over leading to genetic variations
more?

Answer 4

each point can be expanded to a paragraph