Question

how could one change in dna nucleotide alter the formation of the translated protein?

Answer 1

Hmmm well if the SNP cause the first base (the base in the 5') in the codon to change there is a high chance of getting a new amino acid..

Answer 2

For an example:
Lets look upon a wild type hemoglobin with the bases:
3'-C-T-T-5'
5'-G-A-A-3'

Vs a mutated hemoglobin:
3'-C-A-T-5'


mRNA for them both:
Wild:
'5-G-A-A-3'
Mutated:
'5-G-U-A-3'

Translation:
GUU = Glu

GUA = Val

here we see that one base did a difference in amino acid. This example is for normal hemoglobin vs sickle-cell hemoglobin.

Answer 3

It disrupts the sequence, by setting a new sequence.