Question

Can someone explain how chromosomes go through independent assortment. Like in a paragraph or specifically

Answer 1

all right you have 2 copies of a gene in your cells because you have a pair of chromosomes. when the body produces gametes it takes 1 part of the chromosome pair. gametes are egg cells or sperm cells.
The law of independent assortment is saying that whichever copy of that gene goes into the gamete is random.
The genes for different traits are inherited independently of eachother.

So let's say you have a gene for height (h) and a gene for hair color (c). For example Long height is dominant. this is indicated with a capital H. Short height is recessive. this is indicated with a lowercase h. same thing for color. lets say brown hair is dominant (C) and blond hair is recessive (c)

When you have brown hair you have genotype HH or Hh for hair color and for blond hair only hh. This is because capital H is dominant and if H and h are combined, H will win. Same for hair color. Brown hair is CC or Cc and blonde is cc.

So you cross a tall blond haired man which is heterozygous for both traits (HhCc) with a tall brown haired woman (HhCc) also heterozygous for both. You would cross HhCc X HhCc.

From this information you could calculate the probability that an offspring will be long or short with brown or blond hair. There are 16 possibilities in this case.

every genotype with at least 1 capital H or C will have the dominant triat (brown hair and tall) and every genotype with 2 lower cases will have the recessive trait.
So the ratio would be 9:3:3:1
9 of the offspring would be tall with brown hair
3 of the offspring would be tall with blond hair
3 of the offspring would be short with brown hair
1 of the offspring would be short with blond hair

I hope this explains it :D