Question

History semester 2 exam

Answer 1

1.
Which of the following best describes how the natural resources of the United States allowed it to develop a diverse economy? (3 points)

A lack of arable land forced Americans to turn to tourism.
Its many waterways allowed it to ship goods inexpensively.
It developed a worldwide market for its bananas.
Rivers that flooded forced people to move to higher ground.

2.
Please use the map below to answer the following question.

Map showing locations of copper smelters all around the world.

Which of the following North American countries has the fewest copper smelting locations according to the map? (3 points)

the U.S.
Canada
Greenland
the U.S. Virgin Islands

3.
Marty is a successful entrepreneur who opened a fast food restaurant selling soup and sandwiches. He opened his first shop in Colorado, and soon after expanded to New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. What might be one reason why Marty’s shops are doing so well as a result of cultural diffusion? (3 points)

higher per capita incomes in Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas than elsewhere
reduced demand for soup and sandwiches in neighboring states
absence of potential customers in other states
positive shared experience spreading among Marty’s customer base

4.
Base your answer to the following question on the following maps and your knowledge of civics.

Map of presidential election results by county, 2008.

Map of Presidential election results by state, 2008.

What do these maps tell you about the 2008 election? (3 points)

The Democrats won the most votes in the election.
The Republicans won the most votes in the election.
The counties and states voting Republican were mostly large in size.
The Democrats won more counties and states.

5.
Which of the following would be part of the Democratic Party platform? (3 points)

cutting taxes for the rich
providing for public health care
increasing military funding
cutting funding for educational programs

6.
The American Libertarian Party was founded in 1971. Libertarians believe that individual liberty is very important. They believe that people have the right to engage in any activity that is peaceful and honest. They also believe in free trade, a limited government, and elimination of income tax. On which issue would Democrats most likely differ from Libertarians? (3 points)

the idea that liberty is very important
paying income taxes
reducing restrictions on civil liberties
decreasing military spending

7.
Two candidates are running for office in the state senate. During a debate, the candidates say the following:

Candidate A:

"People are responsible for one another. We will all benefit if everyone gives their fair share. My opponent, Candidate B, doesn’t really care about people."

Candidate B:

"Individual responsibility is of primary importance. We will create jobs and grow the economy by cutting taxes. My opponent, Candidate A, is a bit naive and inexperienced."

Given these statements, evaluate how likely it would be for each candidate to be in favor of government-funded health care. (3 points)

Candidate A would probably be opposed to government-funded health care. Candidate B would probably be in favor of it.
Both candidates would probably be in favor of government-funded health care.
Both candidates would probably be opposed to government-funded health care.
Candidate A would probably be in favor of government-funded health care. Candidate B would probably be opposed to it.

8.
Use the following information to answer the question.

There are several candidates for an upcoming Senate election.

I. Edgar Eisenhower - D
II. Rebecca Roosevelt - R
III. Terrance Taft - I

Qualifications and Experience:

Edgar Eisenhower is the Democratic candidate. He is in his early 50s. He has worked in the oil industry for over 20 years and has also researched wind and solar power. He has been active in local and state politics for the past few years.

Rebecca Roosevelt is the incumbent Republican candidate. She is in her late 40s. After working as a newscaster many years ago, she became the mayor of a small town. She has served in the Senate for the past 12 years. When elected the first time, she was one of the youngest female senators to ever be elected.

Terrance Taft is not part of a major political party. He is 45 years old and a self-made billionaire. He guided a small tech company to prominence in the late 1990s. Since then, he has gained national attention as the owner of a local basketball team. After his management of the team went well, Terrance decided to try his hand at politics.

There is a public debate between the three candidates. During the debate, the topics of oil and energy come up. Each candidate expressed their view on the issue:

Edgar Eisenhower:

“We need to cut our dependence on foreign oil. Instead, let's use the natural world around us. Think about the sun, wind, water, the heat of the earth, and the crops in our fields. These will make for affordable energy in the 21st century. We should fund research in those areas. Let us also increase tax credits for private investment in clean, renewable sources of energy.”

Rebecca Roosevelt:

“We need to cut our dependence on foreign oil and develop a national energy strategy. We should provide tax incentives for producing energy in the U.S. Let’s increase U.S. supplies of coal, oil, and natural gas. We should promote environmentally responsible exploration and development of oil and gas reserves. That includes federal land like Alaska's National Wildlife Refuge. Let’s also advance clean coal technology.”

Terrance Taft:

“Looking at our energy supply is one thing—how we’re using it is another. We can drive smaller, more fuel efficient cars. We can invest in more efficient technology for our homes and businesses. These things add up and make a big difference. In fact, in several new buildings associated with Taft Inc., we address our energy needs with locally produced renewable energy. That wouldn’t be possible if we were using outdated, energy guzzling technology.”

Debra is a voter. She believes that the success of the oil industry is very important to the health of the national economy in the short term. Based on their platforms, which candidate would Debra likely support? (3 points)

She would likely support Rebecca Roosevelt, because she supports increased production of oil.
She could make a good case for supporting any of the candidates based on their platforms.
She would likely support Terrance Taft, because he has the most experience running a business.
She would likely support Edgar Eisenhower, because he has the most experience working with the oil industry.

9.
Rick wants to support a bill which is about to be voted on in his state’s legislature. He knows that there is a special interest group that shares his views on the issue. How might Rick more effectively support the bill as a member of a special interest group? (3 points)

Rick’s vote in the upcoming elections will count for more than it would have if he wasn’t a member.
Elected officials will read e-mails from special interest groups but not from individuals.
Elected officials will allow members of special interest groups to speak at Senate hearings.
Elected officials will likely pay more attention to messages that come from a group of people.

10.
"Washington lobbyists are working in Congress to block the rural reforms you [small farms] need," Obama said. "Rather than investing in rural opportunity, our government is handing out subsidies [money] to corporate mega-farms. Over the past decade, our government has handed out $1.3 billion in federal farm money to people who aren't even farmers. We've even got farm money going to Fortune 500 companies."

Special interest groups often have impact on government policies. Why might small rural farmers wish to band together to create an interest group? (3 points)

to have a better shot at receiving the farm subsidies
to compete with each other for funding
Interest groups do not have enough power to significantly influence policy.
in order to put large companies out of business

11.
What is the primary purpose of propaganda? (3 points)

to inform the reader about possible options
to confuse the reader
to acquire additional information about the reader
to get the reader to adopt a particular point of view

12.
An image of Uncle Sam, pointing at the reader. He is wearing a patriotic, red white and blue outfit. The poster reads “I want YOU for the U.S. Army Enlist Now"

What does the finger pointing figure (Uncle Sam) represent in this poster? (3 points)

the spirit of democracy
the U.S. military
North America
America as a whole

13.
Jared opposes offshore drilling while Samantha favors it. Jared says that in the long run, we will run out of oil, so it is best to start looking for alternatives now. Samantha suggests that offshore drilling will help us reduce our dependency on foreign oil. With which of the following would both Jared and Samantha agree? (3 points)

Dependency on foreign oil is not a bad thing.
We must be careful that drilling for oil doesn’t hurt the environment.
Higher gas taxes will reduce our dependency on foreign oil.
The world is running out of oil.

14.
As of 2011, Saudi Arabia was ruled by King Abdullah and the Saudi royal family. There has never been a national election in Saudi Arabia. What term best describes the national government of Saudi Arabia? (3 points)

communism
autocracy
democracy
monarchy

15.
The Greek philosopher Plato compared society to a sailing ship with government steering the ship. He stated that the people who steer the ship would need to know how to navigate. Plato argued that most sailors knew too little about navigation to steer the ship properly. What form of government was Plato probably arguing against? (3 points)

direct democracy
communism
autocracy
oligarchy

16.
Which statement about officials found in various forms of government is least accurate? (3 points)

A confederation would likely have several states with powerful state senators.
A parliamentary government would likely have a prime minister elected by the legislature.
A unitary government would likely have several states with powerful state senators.
A federation would likely have a president elected by the people.

17.
Which statement would most likely come from someone who supported a unitary parliamentary
government? (3 points)

“The king is the only one who has the divine right to rule. Individuals are not important and only exist to further the glory and well being of the king.”
“The legislature of the national government should hold all political power. It should also be responsible for the election of the prime minister.”
“We should make sure that the national government does not become too powerful. The people should also directly elect the president.”
“Each state should rightly be independent. The national government should only be responsible for our mutual defense. In fact, we should not have a president or prime minister, as no individual should have that much power.”

18.
Mrs. O’Leary’s cow was famously accused of knocking over a lantern and causing the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Michael Ahern, a reporter, admitted to making up the story. Which would need to be true in order for his story to be constitutionally protected free speech? (3 points)

if at the time, Ahern had no reason to believe the cow had, in fact, started the fire
Ahern would have needed to have worked for the press.
if Mrs. O’Leary was not harmed by Ahern’s report
Ahern would have to have verbally stated that the cow had started the fire.

19.
The First Amendment guarantees religious freedom in two ways. It stops the government from setting up an official religion. It also guarantees the right to follow one’s own religious beliefs. If a company’s office managers were religious and believed that all employees should pray before lunch, would a business be able to require this? (3 points)

Yes, because the Supreme Court ruled that office managers have the right to freely practice their religious beliefs even if it means the employees do not get to practice theirs.
No, because the right of the office managers to freely practice their religion ends where the religious freedom of employees begins.
No, the First Amendment gives the federal government the right to ensure that people do not pray in public places like offices.
Yes, because office managers are often U.S. citizens and their employees are not necessarily citizens, and therefore they do not have the same rights.

20.
Larry is a high school student. He makes a web site that allows people to publicly rate and comment on teachers that teach at his school. Some of the teachers are upset that negative things are being said about them publicly. The principal of the school contacts Larry’s parents and says that Larry will be expelled if he does not take the site down.

What Supreme Court case would likely support Larry’s site as a form of constitutionally protected free speech? (3 points)

Brown v. Board of Education
Plessy v. Ferguson
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Tinker v. Des Moines

21.
Please base your answer to the following question on your knowledge of Miranda v. Arizona:

A fire is set in a crowded theater. The police believe that the fire was purposefully set. They arrest a suspect. The suspect confesses to the crime.

What would cause the suspect’s confession not to be allowed in a court of law? (3 points)

if an attorney were not present while the suspect was questioned
if the suspect was not told that he had to right the remain silent about what happened
if the fire was put out quickly with no harm done to the theater or anyone in it
if the suspect did not commit the crime and they confessed to cover for the actual criminal

22.
In Schenck v. the United States, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes famously stated that the right to free speech does not include speech which would create a "clear and present danger." Later, in Brandenburg v. Ohio, this ruling was overridden, and "imminent lawless action" was defined as the limit of constitutionally protected speech.

Brandenburg v. Ohio is to Schenck v. the United States as: (3 points)

Gore v. Bush is to United States v. Nixon
Gideon v. Wainwright is to Marbury v. Madison
Tinker v. Des Moines is to Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Brown v. the Board of Education is to Plessy v. Ferguson

23.
What best describes the difference between foreign policy and domestic policy? (3 points)

Domestic policy issues affect areas within U.S. borders, while foreign policy issues affect areas outside U.S. borders.
Foreign policy issues affect Canada and Mexico, while domestic policy issues affect only the U.S.
Foreign policy issues only affect the governments of other countries, while domestic policy issues only affect the U.S. government.
Domestic policy issues affect all 50 states, while foreign policy issues affect only a few states.

24.
Which of the following is the best example of a foreign policy? (3 points)

a resolution to respect patents held by foreign inventors
a resolution to join an international trade organization
a policy that restricts immigration from a particular country
a government subsidy of goods which are primarily sold in the U.S.

25.
Which international organization was founded in 1995, meets every two years, and would be opposed to the member nations heavily taxing imports? (3 points)

Peace Corps
the World Trade Organization
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
the Red Cross

26.
Which of the following events most directly led to American military involvement in World War II? (3 points)

the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
the bombing of London
the Soviet Union entering the war
Germany’s invasion of Poland

27.
Which of the following would you expect to find in a mixed-market economy? (3 points)

large corporations run by the government
a king who has unlimited power to regulate production
corporations that are not subject to any government regulation
a government minimum wage and privately owned businesses

28.
Lynn is at a store and wants to buy a new backpack that costs $55. She only has $35 with her, but she has the rest at home. Lynn also has a credit card that does not charge her any interest if she pays the balance in full by the end of the month. Why might Lynn want to wait until she has $55 in cash at the store to purchase the backpack, instead of using her credit card? (3 points)

Using a credit card would cause the store to lose money, because even if she pays back her bill in full, she will still need to pay the credit card company additional dollars for the convenience of borrowing money.
Using cash would cause the store to lose a large amount of money, because credit card companies offer incentives to stores based on the number of people who use their card.
She might forget to pay the credit card bill, which would make her purchase more expensive due to interest payments and late charges.
She would likely have to pay more than $55 at the time of purchase for the convenience of using her credit card.

29.
Pedro is thinking about buying U.S. savings bonds. However, there is a financial institution controlled by the government that may actively discourage Pedro from buying bonds. How and why would such a financial institution do this? (3 points)

Stocks on Wall Street may be doing quite well, encouraging Pedro to invest there instead of buying securities.
The U.S. Treasury might refuse to sell securities to Pedro, because it does not have any bonds to sell.
The Federal Reserve could raise the price of securities, to encourage Pedro to buy other things instead.
Banks might raise their interest rates, encouraging Pedro to deposit his money there instead of buying securities.

30.
What term refers to the total amount of a good or service that people are willing to purchase? (3 points)

demand
opportunity cost
supply
scarcity

31.
A major hurricane shut down many coastal oil refineries, decreasing the supply of gasoline. Given the laws of supply and demand, how would you expect the price of gasoline to change? (3 points)

The price will not change.
The price will go down because the supply has increased.
The price will go up because of the reduced supply.
The price will go down because there will be less demand for it.

32.
Imagine an economy without banks. Would it be more or less difficult for people to reach their financial goals? (3 points)

More difficult, because it would be much harder for people to save money or obtain loans without banks.
More difficult, because it would be easier for people to obtain loans without banks getting in the way.
Less difficult, because without banks people would be less likely to save money because it would be less safe.
Less difficult, because people would not have to worry about banks going out of business or charging unnecessary fees.

33.
The federal government wants more people to buy hybrid or electric cars. Currently, they are more expensive than cars fueled by gas or diesel. What might the government do to encourage people to buy hybrid or electric cars and also help the businesses that are making them? (3 points)

set a maximum price that a company can charge for a hybrid or electric car
create competition by making their own hybrid and electric cars
fund companies to do research on the creation of more fuel efficient cars
reduce the sales tax on the purchase of hybrid or electric cars

34.
"America's abundance was created ... by the productive genius of free men who pursued their own personal interests and the making of their own private fortunes ... They gave the people better jobs, higher wages, and cheaper goods with every new machine they invented, with every scientific discovery or technological advance—and thus the whole country was moving forward and profiting, not suffering, every step of the way.”—Ayn Rand, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal

Based on the previous quote, which policy would Ayn Rand most likely support? (3 points)

a policy that limits competition and allows existing businesses to enjoy greater profit
a policy that redistributes the wealth of entrepreneurs to other citizens
a policy that supports entrepreneurs by creating incentives to create new jobs
a policy that creates new government jobs with higher wages

35.
Individuals, as well as governments, must create budgets. Which of the following applies only to an individual’s budget? (3 points)

The budget process must show fixed and variable expenses.
Most income or revenue comes from earnings from a job.
Most expenses are used to support the common good.
The budget process must follow three main steps: calculating income, calculating expenses, analyzing, and making changes.

36.
Which best explains how local taxes can support a local economy? (3 points)

Local taxes often support construction of state universities and national colleges. These services create an educated workforce that will benefit the economy.
Local taxes often pay for road repair, firefighters, and police officers. These services create jobs and help society run smoothly.
Local taxes can only hurt an economy. Taxes take money out of circulation and cause businesses to move away.
Local taxes often support investments in science, space, and technology, which will benefit the economy in the long run.

37.
A “bank run” takes place when a large number of people, afraid that their bank will go bankrupt, withdraw their money at once. From what you know about how the Federal Reserve works, how might the Federal Reserve support a bank to ensure that all of the depositors would get their money back if there were a bank run? (3 points)

by directly paying back the depositors
by raising the prime interest rate
by lending money to the bank
by issuing government bonds

38.
Which of the following is a bank required to do in the U.S.? (3 points)

avoid lending money to people who want to start a business
invest money in the stock market
keep a portion of the money deposited in it available to account holders
lend money to people regardless of how likely they are to pay it back

39.
Which law helped prevent companies from lowering prices in order to drive out competition? (3 points)

No Child Left Behind Act
Alien and Sedition Acts
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Sherman Antitrust Act

40.
Which entrepreneur created TOMS shoes, a company that donates a pair of shoes to a child in need for every pair purchased? (3 points)

Daymond John
Ben Cohen
Blake Mycoskie
Oprah Winfrey

41.
Steve’s Super Services is a small business owned by Steve. He does not want to give up ownership in his company, but wants to raise money to expand the business. To which financial institution would Steve turn? (3 points)

Federal Reserve
stock market
local credit union
Wall Street

42.
Jack, a U.S. citizen, is planning on traveling to Japan. He would like to buy some souvenirs while he is there. If Japanese shopkeepers typically accept yen, what is Jack most likely do in order to buy his souvenirs? (3 points)

sell items that he brings with him to Japan in exchange for yen
convert dollars to Japanese yen before he leaves the U.S.
bring items from home that he can use to barter for Japanese souvenirs
insist that Japanese shopkeepers accept U.S. dollars

43.
Larry, a U.S. citizen, is planning to take a European vacation. Most European nations use the euro as their currency. Just before his vacation, the value of the euro drops in international currency trading markets. How would this change in value affect Larry’s upcoming trip? (3 points)

The cost of things Larry purchases while in Europe would decrease, because it would take fewer dollars to buy euros than it would have before.
The cost of Larry’s trip would go up because the cost of airfare will likely increase.
The cost of things Larry purchases while in Europe will increase, because it would take more dollars to buy euros than it would have before.
Larry would likely be unaffected by changes to the value of the euro because he probably already purchased his plane ticket.

44.
Henry, a U.S. citizen, is temporarily living in Anchuria—a single-resource economy whose primary export is bananas. What kind of work would he be able to find in America that he would likely be unable to find in Anchuria? (3 points)

work driving a truck carrying fruit
work at a farm growing bananas
work at a grocery store where bananas were sold
work at a factory producing trucks

45.
The Economist magazine measures the quality of life around the world. It uses nine factors about the quality of life in a country, including GDP per capita as an indicator.

This chart shows the quality of life scores nations received in 2005. The top 15 nations are listed.

Rank


Country or Territory


Quality of Life Score

(out of 10)

1


Ireland


8.333

2


Switzerland


8.068

3


Norway


8.051

4


Luxembourg


8.015

5


Sweden


7.937

6


Australia


7.925

7


Iceland


7.911

8


Italy


7.810

9


Denmark


7.797

10


Spain


7.727

11


Singapore


7.719

12


Finland


7.618

13


United States


7.615

14


Canada


7.599

15


New Zealand


7.436

In 2005, the GDP per capita of Ireland was around $32,000. In comparison, the U.S. had a per capita GDP of $40,000. Which statement best explains why Ireland was rated higher than the U.S. in the quality of life index? (3 points)

Ireland actually had a higher GDP than the U.S. if you take into account the population of each country.
Even though Ireland did not have the highest GDP in the world, it rated very highly in areas other than GDP.
Ireland has many natural and historic wonders which make it a very good place to live.
The Economist is based in Ireland, and the rank of each country is based on the opinion of the author. Naturally, the author would rate Ireland to be the best place to live regardless of its GDP.

PoorBelow AverageAverageAbove Average

Answer 2

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Answer 3

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Answer 4

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Answer 5

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Answer 6

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Answer 7

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Answer 8

CHEETO

Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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