Question

..1. How do you calculate magnification on a microscope?

Answer 1

This can be easy or more difficult depending on how much information you have.

If you know the magnification power of the lens being used, then simply multiply this by the magnification power of the eyepiece. So if you are using the 100X lens and a 10X eyepiece, youir microscope is magnifying 1000X. It is interesting, perhaps, that these values from the manufacturer are estimates and are occasionally off by as much as 10%.

If you are given no information about the lenses, then you will some very precise measuring instruments and apply caclulations of angular separation (both real and apparent) and use a lot of trigonometry as best I can figure.