Question

which of the following best describes how european powers responded to islamic expansion/

Answer 1

It depends what timeframe you are talking about

Answer 2

600s-700s?
1000s??

Answer 3

It depends what timeframe you are talking about:

600s-700s
Most European powers did not engage with Muslim armies during the main period of Islamic westward expansion. The main country to suffer losses was the Byzantine Empire which lost over two thirds of its territory to Muslim armies. Its forces had been substantially weakened by decades of war with the neighboring Sassanids of Persia and so the military response by the Byzantines was limited at best and abysmal at the worst. The only other European power that suffered major losses during the Islamic westward expansion was Visigothic Spain. The Visigoths were in the middle of a dynastic dispute and the weaker party invited the Muslims into Spain to help balance his forces. The Muslims defeated the stronger contender, turned on their "ally", and proceeded to conquer almost all of the former Visigothic territory. The French Kingdoms rallied together to halt the Muslim armies at Tours, France to prevent the loss of their kingdoms as well.

1000s
The response you are looking for is the Crusades, although Islamic expansion near Europe (in terms of territories acquired by Islamic States) was minimal during this period. It just so happened that the historic and strategic importance of Constantinople (Istanbul today) galvanized many Europeans to fight on behalf of the beleaguered Byzantines and the Pope's speeches "legitimized" the war.

Answer 4

The answer is C if you're taking the FLVS test but other wise the answer is "Europeans viewed the spread of Islam as a threat and actively worked to stop it."

Answer 5

Europeans viewed the spread of Islam as a threat and actively worked to stop it.