Question

What antigens and antibodies determine blood type? What are the antigens made of? How is blood type determined? What happens if someone is given the wrong type of blood in a blood transfusion?

Answer 1

Hi,


There's plasma, red cells, white cells, and the Liquid plasma they are suspended in.
The presence of A or B substance or the absence of both determine ABO type. The presence of D substance determines whether the person is Rh negative or positive. The antigens are made up of glycoproteins present on the surfaces of the cell in not only the red cells but in all cells in the body.
Blood type is determined by using antisera that will react with A and B substance. Agglutination indicates that the substance is present. One should also test the plasma to see if anti-A or anti-B antibodies are present with the use of type A and type B cells. Any agglutination of the cells indicates that the plasma contains that antibody..

It depends on what your blood type as to what will happen with regards to being given the wrong blood type. If the blood type given is compatible with your blood type then nothing will happen for example a type A person being given type O blood. If given an incompatible blood type then serious reactions up to death can happen when antibodies present in the recipient will destroy the red cells and cause a transfusion reaction..If one is Rh negative and never has been transfused with Rh positive blood before or doesn't have a pregnancy induced Rh antibody then an Rh negative person may receive Rh positive blood during emergencies. Rh antibodies take weeks to develop and not impact the person during the emergency. In the future they would not be candidates to receive Rh positive blood due to the risk of a transfusion reaction.


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