Question

causes, effects, and extent of Islamic military expansion through Central Asia, North Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula?

Answer 1

They were all separate invasions. The conquest of North Africa and eventually Spain, was through the Islamicization of the Berbers, nomadic tribes who live in the southern rim of the Mediterranean. When they converted to Islam, they made up the vast army that swiftly conquered the Iberian Peninsula coming up from North Africa in 711, by defeating the Visigoths (Germanic Barbarians who ruled Spain at the time).

In the East, the region that is Iran today and part of Central Asia, was under Muslim invasion during the 600s. For about 2 centuries, many of those natives converted to Islam and formed the multinational Abbassid Caliphate in Baghdad, who overthrew the Umayyads (a strictly Arab tribe), who were oppressive, and discriminated anyone who was a non-Arab Muslim. One of the members from the vanguished Umayyad tribe, eventually made his way into Spain and became one of the Muslim rulers there.

Answer 2

thank you