Question

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Answer 1

Aerobic respiration is the type of respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen whereas anaerobic respiration is the type of respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen. During aerobic respiration high level of energy of 38 ATP molecules is produced contrary to anaerobic respiration where only 2 ATP molecules of energy are produces hence low energy levels. Aerobic respiration occurs in both plants and animals cells while anaerobic respiration occurs in human muscle cells and anaerobic bacteria.

Answer 2

In both the animal muscle cell (myocyte) and the yeast cell, aerobic respiration generates 32 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose oxidised - 2 from glycolysis, 2 in the Kreb's cycle, and 28 ATP from oxidative phosphorylation (2.5ATP/NADH molecule & 1.5ATP/FADH2 molecule being oxidized).

For anaerobic respiration, 2 ATP molecules are produced in both the myocyte and the yeast cell (during glycolysis), although the end products differ in the cells - pyruvate in the myocyte is converted into lactic acid which can be reconverted back into pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase should oxygen become available, while pyruvate is converted into ethanol during fermentation by alcohol dehydrogenase in the yeast cell.