Question

what are main problems India had to face as a new nation after India's independence.

Answer 1

3rd question :

http://balbharatipp.org/notes/class8an_sstn2.pdf

Answer 2

Political :-
 As a result of partition, 8 million refugees had come into the country
from what was now Pakistan.
 These people had to be found homes and jobs.
 Then there was the problem of princely states, almost 500 of them,
each ruled by a maharaja or a nawab each of whom had to be
persuaded to join the new nation.
Social:-
 India’s population in 1947 was large 345 million.
 It was also divided there were division between high castes and low
caste between majority Hindu community and Indian who practiced
different faiths.  The citizens of this were land spoke different languages, more many
different kinds of dress, ate different kinds of food and practiced
different profession.
 It was difficult to make them live together in one nation state.

Economic:-
 To the problem of unity was added the problem of development.
 At independence, a vast majority of Indian lived in the village farmers
and peasants depended on monsoon for their survival.
 In the cities, crowded slums were occupied by factory workers who
had little access to education or health care.
 New nation had to lift its masses out of poverty by increasing the
productivity of agriculture and by promoting new job-creating industries.