Question

Age of Enlightenment Module 5

Answer 1

Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

Use the following excerpt from John Locke's Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690) to answer the question below:

"But though this be a state of liberty, yet it is not a state of licence: though man in that state have an uncontroulable liberty to dispose of his person or possessions, yet he has not liberty to destroy himself, or so much as any creature in his possession, but where some nobler use than its bare preservation calls for it. The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions: for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent, and infinitely wise maker."—Public Domain

Which one of the following thinkers was influenced most by this statement?

Mary Wollstonecraft

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Hobbes

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

Use the following statement from the Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire to answer the question below:

"Anyone who has the power to make you believe absurdities has the power to make you commit injustices."—Public Domain

Voltaire was drawing attention to the dangers of which of the following?

violence

superstition

heresy

arrogance

Question 3 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

What did Enlightenment thinkers mean by the term "social contract"?

an agreement between the people and their government

a contract between different manufacturers in the same industry

an agreement between the Church and the monarchy

an understanding that scientists were free to make experiments

Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

Use the following quote from Benjamin Franklin to answer the question below:

"A house is not a home unless it contains food and fire for the mind as well as the body."—Public Domain

Why is Franklin's statement a recognizable impact of the effects of the Enlightenment?

It implies the mind is more important than the body.

It reveals that Franklin had a philosophical disposition.

It shows that Franklin valued reason and intellectual accomplishment.

It suggests that the emotions are more important than reasoned thinking.

Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

We know from historical records that The Spirit of the Laws by Baron de Montesquieu was placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by the Catholic Church. Which of the following can one reasonably infer from this fact?

The Enlightenment challenged the traditional authority of the Church.

The Enlightenment called for equality of opportunity for women.

Enlightenment thinkers published a series of lengthy encyclopedias.

Enlightenment thinkers called for the overthrow of governments.

Question 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

Use the following quote from Adam Smith to answer the question below:

"No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of whom the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable."—Public Domain

Which of the following does Adam Smith imply is an important value for society as a whole?

care and concern for the less fortunate

a focus on exports vs. imports

an "invisible hand" that regulates free markets

laissez-faire policies by the government toward business

Question 7 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

Use the following statement from Jean-Jacques Rousseau to answer the question below:

"Everything is good as it comes from the hands of the Maker of the world, but degenerates once it gets into the hands of man." —Public Domain

Rousseau would have supported the idea that

the king is the ultimate authority

a supreme being is by nature, good

religion is weakening society

parliament is a dangerous proposal

Question 8 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

Use the following statement attributed to the Renaissance humanist Desiderius Erasmus to answer the following question:

"Give light, and the darkness will disappear of itself."—Public Domain

Which of the following did Erasmus' remark foreshadow?

the Enlightenment

the Glorious Revolution

the American Revolution

the Baroque Movement

Question 9 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

A major cause of the Enlightenment was

a renewed interest in nobility

the Scientific Revolution

the French Revolution

a growing respect for absolute monarchies