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Evolution of Multiple Stars If binary or multiple stars are far apart, they will evolve independently of one another. However, astonishing things happen when multiple stars are close together. When one of the stars reaches the red giant phase, it can swell large enough to exchange gas with its partner star. What happens depends on the ages of the two stars, their masses, and how rapidly they exchange matter. If the partner star is a white dwarf, some very violent events can happen. White dwarfs have used up all their nuclear fuel. If a large amount of hydrogen falls onto a white dwarf, it can undergo nuclear fusion right on the surface of the star. The resulting outburst will cause the star to brighten briefly by hundreds of times, becoming a nova (Latin, new). Even more dramatic outbursts are possible: the white dwarf can accumulate mass until its internal pressures become great enough for the next generation of nuclear reactions begin. When that happens, the renewed nuclear activity will blast off the outer layers of the white dwarf, creating a type I supernova.
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