Question

World War 2 Tutorial (WW2)!!!

Answer 1

\(\Huge\color{green}{\bigstar}\) \(\Huge\color{red}{The~~World~~War~~2}\) \(\Huge\color{green}{\bigstar}\)


The Second World War (WW2) (1 September 1939 September 2, 1945) - War of the two world military-political coalitions, which became the largest armed conflict in history. It was attended by 62 of the 73 States that existed at the time (80% of the world population). Battles were fought on the territory of three continents and in the waters of the four oceans. This is the only conflict in which it was to use nuclear weapons.
The number of participating countries changed during the war. Some of them were active hostilities, while others helped their allies food supply, and many participated in the war only nominally.
In the anti-Hitler coalition were:

Poland, the British Empire (and its dominions: Canada, India, Union of South Africa, Australia, New Zealand), France - entered the war in September 1939;

Ethiopia - Ethiopian troops under the command of the Ethiopian Government in exile guerrilla fighting continued after the annexation of the state in 1936, officially recognized as an ally of July 12, 1940;
Denmark, Norway - April 9, 1940;

Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg - to May 10, 1940;

Greece - October 28, 1940;

Yugoslavia - April 6, 1941;

USSR, Tuva, Mongolia - June 22, 1941;

US, Philippines - from December 1941; USA delivery of Lend-Lease to the USSR on the documents began with the June 1941;

China (Government of Chiang Kai-shek) - led military operations against Japan from July 7, 1937, officially recognized as an ally of 9 December 1941;

Mexico - May 22, 1942;

Brazil - August 22, 1942.

Against the countries of the "axis" also formally made by Panama, Costa Rica,
 
Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala,

Cuba, Nepal, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia, Iran, Albania, Paraguay,

Ecuador, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Liberia,

Bolivia.


During the war, the coalition was joined by some states emerging from the Nazi unit:

Iraq - January 17, 1943;

Kingdom of Italy - October 13, 1943;

Romania - August 23, 1944;

Bulgaria - September 5, 1944;

Finland - September 19, 1944.

On the other side of the country participated in the war of the "axis" and their allies:

Germany, Slovakia - September 1, 1939;

Italy, Albania - June 10, 1940;

Hungary - April 11, 1941;

Iraq - May 1, 1941;

Romania, Croatia, Finland - June 1941;

Japan, Manchukuo - December 7, 1941;

Bulgaria - December 13, 1941;

Thailand - January 25, 1942;

China (Wang Jingwei government) - January 9, 1943;

Burma - August 1, 1943;

Philippines - September 1944.

Nor was a Nazi unit of Iran (up to 1941). On the territory of the occupied countries were created puppet states that were not in the sense of the participants of World War II and joined the fascist coalition: Vichy France, the Greek state, the Italian Social Republic, the Hungarian state, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Principality of the Pindus, Mengjiang, Burma, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Azad Hind, Wang Jingwei regime. In some of the German Reich Commissariat were created autonomous puppet governments: Quisling regime in Norway mode Myusserta in the Netherlands, Belarusian Central Rada in Belarus. On the side of Germany and Japan fought and many collaborationist forces created from citizens opposing side: ROA, foreign SS Division (Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Estonian, Latvian 2, the Norwegian-Danish, Dutch 2, 2 Belgian, 2 Bosnian, French, Albanian ), a number of foreign legions. Also in the armed forces of Nazi unit fought Volunteer Force states that formally remain neutral: Spain (Blue Division), Sweden and Portugal.


All combat operations can be divided into five theaters of war:
Western European: West Germany, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, France, Great Britain (aviabombardirovki) Atlantic.
Eastern European theater: the Soviet Union (western part), Poland, Finland, Northern Norway, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Austria (East), East Germany, the Barents Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea.
Mediterranean Theater: Yugoslavia, Greece, Albania, Italy, Mediterranean islands (Malta, Cyprus and so on.), Egypt, Libya, French North Africa, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, and the Mediterranean Sea.
African Theatre: Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland, British Somaliland, Kenya, Sudan, French West Africa, French Equatorial Africa, Madagascar.
Pacific Theater: China (eastern and north-eastern part), Japan (Korea, southern Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands), USSR (Far East), the Aleutian Islands, Mongolia, Hong Kong, French Indo-China, Burma, Andaman Islands, Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak , Dutch East Indies, Sabah, Brunei, Papua New Guinea, Papua, Solomon Islands, the Philippines, Hawaii, Guam, Wake Island, Midway, Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands, the Marshall Islands, Gilbert Islands, many small Pacific islands, most of the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean.

The Treaty of Versailles Germany has very little opportunity in the military sphere. From a German perspective conditions dictated at Versailles, were unfair and legally feasible economically. Especially because the amount of reparations were not pre-specified and doubles. All this created an international tensions and the belief that no later than through 20 years of world war will be resumed.
In April and May 1922 in the northern Italian port city of Genoa Conference held in Rapallo. Were also invited representatives of Soviet Russia: Georgy Chicherin (chairman), Leonid Krasin, Adolf Joffe et al. Germany (Weimar Republic) was Walter Rathenau. The main theme of the conference was a mutual rejection of the nomination of compensation claims for damage caused during the fighting in the First World War. The result of the conference was the conclusion of the Rapallo Treaty April 16, 1922 between the RSFSR and the Weimar Republic. The contract provided for the immediate restoration of full diplomatic relations between the Russian Federation and Germany. Soviet Russia it was the first in its history an international treaty. For Germany, the former to this day in the field of international politics out of the law, this agreement was of fundamental importance, because by doing so, she began to return to the number of internationally recognized states.
Shortly after the signing of the Rapallo Treaty on August 11, 1922, between the Reichswehr and the Red Army was concluded a secret agreement on cooperation [citation 1,088 days. In Germany and Soviet Russia an opportunity to at least slightly, but to support and mutually develop military-technical potential accumulated during the First World War. As a result of co-operation, the Red Army gained access to the technological advances of the German war industry and the working methods of the German the Joint Staff, and the Reichswehr start preparing pilots, tank crews and specialists in chemical weapons in three schools in the territory of the USSR, and was able to base its subsidiaries German war industry oznakomlivat officers with the new models of weapons, banned in Germany
July 27, 1928 in Paris signed Briand Pact - Kellogg - agreement on the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy. Covenant had come into force on 24 July 1929. February 9, 1929, before the formal entry into force of the Covenant, was signed in Moscow the so-called "Litvinov Protocol" - Moscow Protocol for early enactment obligations Briand Pact - Kellogg between the USSR, Poland, Romania, Estonia and Latvia. April 1, 1929 he was joined by Turkey and 5 April - Lithuania.
July 25, 1932 the Soviet Union and Poland make a pact of non-aggression.
With the advent in 1933 to power of the National Socialist Workers' Party, led by Adolf Hitler's Germany without encountering any particular objections on the part of the United Kingdom and France, and in some places and with their support , soon begins to ignore many of the limitations of the Versailles Treaty - in Specifically, restores conscription and quickly ramping up production of arms and military equipment. October 14, 1933 Germany leaves the League of Nations and refused to participate in the Geneva Conference on Disarmament. January 26, 1934 is German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact. July 24, 1934 Germany is attempting to implement the Anschluss of Austria, Vienna-inspired anti-government coup, but had to abandon their plans because of the sharply negative attitude of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, who advanced to the Austrian border four divisions.
In 1930 Italy spent no less aggressive foreign policy. October 3, 1935, it invades Ethiopia and by May 1936 it captures (see .: Italo-Ethiopian War). In 1936 he was proclaimed the Italian empire. Mediterranean declared "Our Sea" (Lat. Mare Nostrum). The act of unwarranted aggression displeases the Western powers and the League of Nations. The deterioration of relations with the Western powers pushing Italy rapprochement with Germany. In January 1936, Mussolini gives in principle to the annexation of Austria by the Germans if they are out of the expansion on the Adriatic. March 7, 1936, German troops occupy demilitarized Rhineland. Britain and France do not have this effective resistance, limiting formal protest. 25 November 1936 Germany and Japan concluded the Anti-Comintern pact on the joint struggle against communism. November 6, 1937 to Covenant joins Italy.
In March 1938, Germany seamlessly attaches to itself Austria (see. Anschluss).
September 30, 1938 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and Hitler signed a declaration of non-aggression and peaceful settlement of disputes between the UK and Germany - the contract, known in the USSR as the Munich Agreement. In 1938, Chamberlain met with Hitler three times, and after the meeting in Munich returned home with his famous statement, "I brought you peace!". In fact, this agreement concluded without the leadership of Czechoslovakia, led to its division of Germany, with the participation of Hungary and Poland. It is considered a classic example of appeasement (see. Causes of World War II), which later prompted him only on an even greater expansion of its aggressive policy and was one of the causes of the Second World War.



Minister of Foreign Affairs of the French Republic, Georges Bonnet and German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop December 6, 1938 signed the Franco-German declaration.
In October 1938, as a result of the Munich Agreement Germany annexed the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia belonged. Consent to the act give Britain and France, with the view of the Czechoslovakia is not included. March 15, 1939 Germany in violation of the agreement to occupy the Czech Republic. In the Czech Republic created the German protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Hungary and Poland are involved in the partition of Czechoslovakia: Slovakia (except predominantly Hungarian southern regions ceded to Hungary) declared an independent pro-Nazi state, in the vicinity of Cesky Tesin enter the Polish troops, and proclaimed the independence of Carpathian Ukraine, formerly part of the Hungarian troops captured after heavy fighting with the local militia (see. Carpathian Sich) goes completely under the occupation forces of Admiral Horthy. February 24, 1939 to the Anti-Comintern Pact joins Hungary, March 27 - Spain, where authorities after the Civil War came to Francisco Franco.
Until now Germany's aggressive actions do not meet serious resistance on the part of the United Kingdom and France, which do not dare to start a war and trying to save the system of the Treaty of Versailles reasonable from their point of view, concessions (the so-called "appeasement"). However, after Hitler violation of the Munich agreement, both countries are increasingly beginning to realize the need for a more rigid policy, and in the event of further aggression of Germany, Britain and France provide military guarantees to Poland. After the capture of Italy Albania 7-12 April 1939 the same guarantees obtained Romania, Turkey and Greece.
See. Also: Background of the Great Patriotic War
As suggested by MI Meltyuhov, the objective conditions have also made the Soviet Union opposed the Versailles system. Because of the internal crisis caused by the events of the First World War, the October Revolution and the Civil War, the country's level of influence on European and world politics has significantly decreased. However, the strengthening of the Soviet state and the results of industrialization stimulated the Soviet leadership to take steps to return the status of a world power. The Soviet government skillfully used the official diplomatic channels, the possibility of illegal Comintern, social advocacy, pacifist ideas, anti-fascism, help some victims of aggression to create the image of the main fighter for peace and social progress. The struggle for the "collective security" has become a tactic of Moscow's foreign policy aimed at strengthening the weight of the Soviet Union in international affairs and to prevent the consolidation of the other great powers without their participation. However, the Munich agreement clearly showed that the Soviet Union is still far from being able to become a peer entity in European politics.
After military alert in 1927 the USSR actively began to prepare for war. Opportunity to attack coalition capitalist countries replicated the official propaganda. The military, in order to have a trained mobilization reserve, and elsewhere have begun to actively educate the urban population military specialties, became mass education parachuting, model airplane, and so. N. (See. OSOAVIAKHIM). Honorable and prestigious to pass the standards TRP (ready to work and defense) for marksmanship earned the title and icon "Voroshilov arrow" and, along with the new title of "holder of an order", there was also the prestigious title of "znachkist."
As a result of agreements reached Rapallo and subsequent secret agreements in Lipetsk in 1925 was created Aviation Training Center, where German instructors taught German and Soviet students. Near Kazan in 1929 was created a center for training commanders tank formations (secret training center "Kama"), in which the German instructors also taught German and Soviet students. For the German side during the operation of the school trained 30 officers of the Reichswehr . In the years 1926-1933 in Kazan also conducted tests of German tanks (the Germans called them to secrecy "tractors"). Volsk center was established for training in the use of chemical weapons (object "Tomka"). In 1933, after Hitler came to power all these schools have been closed.
Since the beginning of the 1930s the concept of the military base in the Red Army de facto become a "theory of deep operations." The main focus is on the creation and implementation of highly mechanized units. In accordance with the concept of the theory, the striking force was assigned to mechanized corps. The basic idea of ??the theory was striking throughout the depth of the enemy defenses with artillery, aircraft, armored troops and paratroopers in order to defeat all operational enemy troops. During deep operations achieved two objectives - breakthrough of the front of the enemy defense while kicking his entire tactical depth and immediate input groups of mobile forces for the development of tactical breakthrough in operational success.
January 11, 1939 the People's Commissariat of Defense Industry was abolished, instead it created the People's Commissariat of ammunition, the People's Commissariat of weapons, the People's Commissariat of the shipbuilding industry, the People's Commissariat of Aviation Industry. All commissariats produced only military products.
In 1940, the Soviet Union began to tighten the regime of work and increase the working hours of employees. All state, cooperative and public enterprises and institutions were transferred to shestidnevki on seven-day week, considering the seventh day of the week - Sunday - a day of rest. Toughen the penalties for truancy. Under pain of imprisonment were banned dismissal and transfer to another organization without the permission of the Director (see. "The decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council of 06.26.1940").
In the army, hastily put into service and begin mass production of the new Yak-1, even without completing the state tests. 1940 - the year of the latest development in the production of T-34 and KV, handling rifles SVT and adopting a submachine gun PPSh Model 1941.
During the political crisis in 1939 in Europe there were two military-political blocs: the Anglo-French and German-Italian, all of whom were interested in the agreement with the USSR.
Poland, concluding treaties of alliance with Britain and France, who had to help her in the event of German aggression, refusing to make concessions in negotiations with Germany (in particular, on the question of the Polish Corridor).
August 15, German Ambassador to the USSR Schulenburg read Molotov message German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop, in which he expressed his willingness to personally come to Moscow for a "clarification of German-Russian relations." On the same day the Red Army sent directives NKO number 4/2 / 48601-4 / 2/486011 about deploying to the existing 96 Infantry Divisions additional 56 divisions.
August 19, 1939 Molotov Ribbentrop Pact agreed to take in Moscow to sign the treaty with Germany, and 23 August, the USSR signed non-aggression pact. In a secret additional protocol allows the division of spheres of influence in Eastern Europe, including the Baltic states and Poland.
Prerequisites war in Asia
Japan's occupation of Manchuria and North China began in 1931. July 7, 1937, Japan began an offensive deep into China (see. Sino-Japanese War). Slightly slowed down, however, the expansion of Japan in East Asia, internal conflicts - as the problems associated with enhanced economic development (eg, deformation of the structure of the economy), as well as conflicts in the military and financial elites, divided in their views about the direction of expansion. Characteristically, the pacifism of support at that time in Japan had little.
Expansion of Japan met active opposition of the great powers. United Kingdom, United States and the Netherlands have introduced economic sanctions against Japan. USSR also did not remain indifferent to events in the Far East, especially since the Soviet-Japanese border conflicts 1938-1939 period (of which the most famous battles began at Lake Khasan and the undeclared war in Khalkhin Gol) threatened to escalate into a full-scale war.
In the end, Japan stood before a serious choice in which direction to continue its further expansion in the north against the Soviet Union or the south against China and Korea. The choice was made in favor of the "southern option." April 13, 1941 in Moscow, an agreement was signed between Japan and the USSR of neutrality for a period of 5 years. Japan began preparations for war against US allies in the Pacific region (UK, Netherlands).
December 7, 1941 Japan is a blow to the US naval base at Pearl Harbor. Since December 1941 Sino-Japanese War is considered part of the Second World War.



\(\large\color{red}{September~1939~-~June~1941}\)


May 23, 1939 in Hitler's office in the presence of a number of senior officers held a meeting. It was noted that "the Polish problem is closely connected with the inevitable conflict with Britain and France, a quick victory over which is problematic. At the same time Poland is unlikely to play the role of a barrier against Bolshevism. At present, the task of Germany's foreign policy is to expand the Lebensraum, ensuring a guaranteed supply of food and the elimination of the threat from the East. Poland should be captured at the first opportunity. "
August 23 between Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, in which the parties agreed on a non-aggression against each other (including in the case of outbreak of hostilities, one of the parties against third countries, which is common practice in Germany contracts that time). In the secret additional protocol to the agreement of the USSR and Germany was designated a division of spheres of interest in Europe.

October 6, 1939, after the end of hostilities, Hitler supports the proposal to convene a peace conference with the participation of all the major powers to resolve the contradictions. France and Britain say they will agree to a conference only if the Germans immediately withdraw their troops from Poland and the Czech Republic and return these countries to independence. Germany rejects these conditions, and as a result of the peace conference did not take place.

Despite the rejection of the peace conference, the United Kingdom and France from September 1939 to April 1940 continue to conduct a passive war and no attempt is offensive. Active combat operations are conducted only on the sea lanes. Even before the war, the German command sent to the Atlantic Ocean 2 battleships and 18 submarines that with the opening of hostilities began attacks on merchant ships of Great Britain and her allied countries. From September to December 1939 UK loses against bumps German submarines 114 ships, and in 1940 - 471 ship, the Germans also lost in 1939 only 9 submarines. Blows to the sea communications Britain led to the loss of the summer of 1941 one third of the British merchant fleet tonnage and created a serious threat to the country's economy.
More fall of 1939, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania with the USSR concluded treaties on mutual assistance, also known as the Treaty on the bases, according to which in these countries were placed Soviet military bases. June 17, 1940 the USSR Baltic States makes an ultimatum, demanding the government's resignation, instead of forming people's government, the dissolution of parliament, early elections and consent to the entry of additional contingent of Soviet troops. In this situation the Baltic governments have been forced to adopt these requirements. With the active support from Moscow, in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania occur simultaneously coups. Government came to power, the Communists friendly.
After entering the territory of the Baltic additional parts of the Red Army, in mid-July 1940 in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, in terms of significant Soviet military presence, held uncontested elections to the supreme authorities. Minded communist parties were the only party authorized by the elections. In their election programs, they did not mention a word about the plans of joining the Soviet Union. July 21, 1940 the newly elected Parliament, as part of which turned out to be pro-Soviet majority proclaimed the establishment of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Supreme Council of the USSR sent a petition to join the Soviet Union. August 3 Lithuanian SSR, August 5 - the Latvian SSR, and on August 6 - Estonian SSR were adopted in the USSR.
After Italy entered the war, the Italian troops begin fighting for control of the Mediterranean, North and East Africa. June 11 Italian air force strikes at the British naval base in Malta. June 13 Italians bombarded the British base in Kenya. In early July, Italian forces invaded from the territory of Ethiopia and Somalia in the British colonies Kenya and Sudan, but because of the indecisive action much progress they fail. August 3, 1940, Italian troops invaded British Somaliland. Using numerical superiority, they are able to oust the British and South African troops across the strait in the British colony of Aden.
After the capitulation of the French administration of some French colonies refused to recognize the Vichy government. In London, General de Gaulle formed a movement "Fighting France" does not recognize the shameful capitulation. British armed forces, along with units of the "Fighting France" begin to fight against Vichy troops for control of the colonies. By September, they are able to peacefully take control of almost the whole of French Equatorial Africa. October 27 in Brazzaville formed the supreme governing body French territory occupied by the troops of Charles de Gaulle - the Defense Council of the Empire. September 24 British troops and part of the "Fighting France" defeated by the Vichy forces in Senegal (Dakar operation). However, in November, they are able to capture Gabon (Battle of Gabon).
September 13 Italians invaded from the territory of Libya in British Egypt. Having taken 16 September Sidi Barrani, Italians stop, and the British ceded to Mersa Matruh. To improve its position in Africa and the Mediterranean, the Italians decide to seize Greece. After the failure of the Greek government to miss the Italian troops on its territory, October 28, 1940 Italy began the offensive. Italians manage to grab a part of the Greek territory, but by 8 November, they stopped, and on November 14 the Greek army moves in a counter-offensive, completely frees the country and comes to Albania.
In November 1940, the British air force strikes on the Italian fleet at Taranto, which is extremely difficult to maritime transport of goods for Italian troops in North Africa. Taking advantage of this, Dec. 9, 1940, British troops go on the offensive in Egypt, in January occupy the whole Cyrenaica and February 1941, located on the El Ageyl.
In early January, the British have also taken the offensive in East Africa. Repulsed January 21 Italians Kassala, they invade Sudan to Eritrea, capture Keren (March 27), Asmara (April 1) and the port of Massawa (April 8). In February, the British troops from Kenya penetrate into Italian Somaliland; February 25 they occupy Mogadishu port, and then turn to the north and come to Ethiopia. March 16 British troops landed in the British Somalia and soon gets there defeated the Italians. Together with the British troops in Ethiopia comes deposed Italians in 1936, Emperor Haile Selassie. To join the British troops numerous Ethiopian guerrillas. March 17 British and Ethiopian troops occupy Jijiga, March 29 - Harar, April 6 - Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa. Italian colonial empire in East Africa will cease to exist. Remains of Italian troops continue to fight in Ethiopia and Somalia to 27 November 1941.
In March 1941 in the Naval Battle of Crete British cause another defeat Italian fleet. March 2 in Greece begin to disembark British and Australian troops. March 9, Italian troops are taking a new offensive against the Greeks, but in the course of six days of fierce fighting, they suffer a complete defeat and March 26 forced to withdraw to their original positions.
Having suffered a complete defeat on all fronts, Mussolini forced to seek help from Hitler. In February 1941, Libya arrives German expeditionary force under the command of General Rommel. March 31, 1941 Italian-German forces go on the offensive, discourage British Cyrenaica and go to the borders of Egypt, and then the front in North Africa stabilizes before November 1941.
In China, the Japanese in 1939-1941 captured the south-eastern part of the country. China because of the complicated internal political situation in the country could not offer serious resistance (see .: The civil war in China). After the capitulation of France French Indochina administration recognized the Vichy government. Thailand, taking advantage of the weakening of France, made territorial claims on the part of French Indochina. In October 1940, Thai troops invaded French Indochina. Thailand managed to inflict a series of defeats Vichy army. May 9, 1941 under the pressure of Japan Vichy regime was forced to sign a peace treaty by which departed Thailand Laos and parts of Cambodia. After losing Vichy regime a number of colonies in Africa, there is also the threat of seizure of Indochina and the British Gaullists. To prevent this, in June 1941 the fascist government agreed to enter into a colony of the Japanese troops.
29 November - 7 December 1940 the Army General Staff of the Wehrmacht held operational and strategic game on the plan of aggression against the USSR. December 18, 1940 Plan "Barbarossa" approved by the Supreme Commander of the Directive ? 21. The approximate time for completion of military preparations - May 15, 1941. Since the end of 1940 began a gradual transfer of German troops to the borders of the USSR, the intensity of which increased sharply after 22 May. The German command tried to create the impression that this distraction and "the main task for the summer period remains operation to invade the island, and measures against the East are only defensive in nature and their volume depends only on Russian threats and military preparations". Launched a campaign of disinformation against the Soviet intelligence received numerous conflicting reports about the timing (late April - early May, April 15, May 15 - the beginning of June, May 14, the end of May, 20 May, early June, and others.) And war ( before and after the outbreak of war with England, the various requirements of the USSR before the war, and others.).
At the end of December 1940 (announced at the end of September 1940) in Moscow secretly runs the largest meeting of senior management of the Red Army, with emphasis on the nature of offensive operations, and conducted two operational-strategic games on the maps under the title "The offensive front with breakthrough SD . Materials meeting were classified until 1990, and the course of the games and the balance of forces is not disclosed or were distorted to the contrary. In fact, at the Games were considered a major action of the shock group of Soviet troops from the state border of the USSR in the direction of (respectively) Poland - East Prussia and Hungary - Romania. USSR on the instructions of the games was the defending side, but the very course of the games began with the actual onset of the Red Army, with the second game of the USSR army began an offensive 90-180 km west of the border. Planning and development of defensive action in the Red Army the strategic scale in the autumn of 1940 until the beginning of the war have not been conducted.
Early Sunday morning, June 22, 1941, Germany, with the support of its allies - Italy, Hungary, Romania, Finland and Slovakia - all of a sudden and without warning attacked the USSR. The Soviet-German war in the Soviet and Russian historians called the Great Patriotic War.
German troops inflict powerful sudden blow to the entire western border of the Soviet armies in three groups: the "North", "Center" and "South". On the first day destroyed or captured a large part of the Soviet ammunition, fuel and military equipment; destroyed about 1,200 aircraft. June 23-25, Soviet fronts trying to strike back, but fail.
By the end of the first decade of July, German forces captured Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, a significant part of Ukraine, Moldova and Estonia. The main forces of the Soviet Western Front defeated in the Battle of Bialystok-Minsk.
Soviet North-Western Front was defeated in the battle of the border and discarded. However, the Soviet counterattack at Soltsy 14-18 July led to the suspension of the German attack on Leningrad almost 3 weeks.
June 22 at 6.05 am Soviet planes bombed Finnish battleships on the Naval base Sottunga in 6.15 - strengthening Alsher island in the archipelago to the city of Turku, and 6.45 - transport ships in the port build. At 7.55 began to operate Soviet artillery battery from Cape Hanko. In Petsamo one of the vessels were fired across the border.
June 25 Soviet aircraft bombed Finnish airfields. June 26 Finland declares war on the Soviet Union, the Finnish troops are moving in a counter-offensive and soon regain the Karelian Isthmus, previously captured by the Soviet Union, not moving an old historical Russian-Finnish border on the Karelian Isthmus (north of Lake Ladoga old border was crossed to a greater depth). June 29 German and Finnish troops take the offensive in the Arctic, but progress into Soviet territory stopped.
In Ukraine, the Soviet Southwestern Front also defeated and driven back to the border, but counterstrike Soviet mechanized corps does not allow German troops to make deep inroads and capture Kiev.
In a new offensive in the central sector of the Soviet-German front, undertaken on July 10 Army Group "Center" is already July 16 captures Smolensk and surrounds the main forces to recreate the Soviet Western Front. In the wake of this success, as well as taking into account the need to support the attack on Leningrad and Kiev, July 19, Hitler, despite the objections of the army command, gives the order to move the direction of the main attack from Moscow direction to the south (Kiev, Donbass) and Northern (Leningrad) . In accordance with this decision, tank groups advancing on Moscow, removed from the group "Center" and directed to the south (2 Panzer Group) and the north (3rd Panzer Army). Attack on Moscow should continue infantry divisions of Army Group "Center", but the battle in the Smolensk region continued, and July 30 Army Group "Center" was ordered to go on the defensive. Thus, the attack on Moscow postponed.
August 8-9, Army Group "North" resumed the offensive on Leningrad. Front of Soviet troops is cut, they are forced to retreat by divergent directions to Tallinn and Leningrad. Tallinn defense pinned part of the German forces, but on August 28, Soviet troops forced to evacuate. September 8, captures Schlüsselburg, German troops take Leningrad in the ring.
September 4 Chief of Staff of the armed forces of Germany, General Jodl receives from Marshal Mannerheim categorical refusal to advance on Leningrad .
September 6, Hitler issued an order (Weisung Nr.35) stop offensive military force "North" on Leningrad, and gives orders to Field Marshal Leeb give all the tanks and a large number of troops to "as soon as possible" to launch an attack on Moscow. Rejecting the assault on Leningrad, Army Group "North" October 16 is taking the offensive at Tikhvin direction, intending to connect to Finnish troops to the east of Leningrad. However, Soviet troops counterattack at Tikhvin frees the city and stop the enemy.
In Ukraine in early August Army Group "South" is cut from the Dnieper and surrounded near Uman two Soviet army. However, they capture Kiev again failed. Just after the turn of the Southern flank of Army Group "Center" (2nd Army and 2nd Panzer Group) to the south of the position of the Soviet Southwestern Front deteriorated sharply. German 2nd Panzer Group, reflecting the Bryansk Front counterattack, forcing the gums and September 15 is connected to the 1st Panzer group advancing to the Kremenchug bridgehead. As a result, the battle for Kiev was completely destroyed by the Soviet Southwestern Front.
Disaster near Kiev opened the way south to the Germans. 5 October 1st Panzer Group came to the Sea of ??Azov in Melitopol, cutting off the troops of the Southern Front. In October 1941, German troops captured almost the entire Crimea, except Sevastopol.
The defeat of the Germans in the south has opened the way to the Donbas and Rostov. October 24 fell Kharkov, the end of October were busy main cities of Donbass. October 17 fell Taganrog. 21 November 1st Panzer Army entered the Rostov-on-Don, reaching the goals of the plan "Barbarossa" in the south. However, on November 29, Soviet troops beat the Germans from Rostov, and until the summer of 1942 in the south of the front line is set at the turn p. Mius.
September 30, 1941, German troops begin an offensive on Moscow. As a result, deep penetrations of German armored formations main forces of the Soviet Western, Reserve and Bryansk Front were surrounded in the area of ??Vyazma and Bryansk. All were captured more than 660 thousand. Man.
Remains of the Western and Reserve fronts October 10 combined into a single Western Front under the command of Army General Zhukov.
15-18 November the German troops with the end of thaw renew attack on Moscow, but by December stopped in all directions.
December 1 commander of the "Center" General Field Marshal von Bock reported that the troops are exhausted and can not continue the attack.
December 5, 1941 Kalinin, Western and South-Western fronts moving in a counter-offensive. The successful advance of Soviet troops of the enemy forces on the defensive across the front line. In December, as a result of the onset of the Western Front free Yakhroma, Klin, Volokolamsk, Kaluga; Kalinin Front frees Kalinin; South-Western Front - Efremov and Elec. As a result, by the beginning of 1942, the Germans dropped to 100-250 km to the west. Defeat near Moscow was the first major defeat of the Wehrmacht in the war.
The success of Soviet troops near Moscow, the Soviet command prompts move to large-scale offensive. January 8, 1942 the forces of the Kalinin, Western and North-Western Front go on the offensive against the German Army Group "Center". They fail to perform the task, and after several attempts, by mid-April, it is necessary to stop the attack, suffering heavy losses. Germans remain the Rzhev-Vyazma bridgehead represents a danger for Moscow. Attempts Volkhov and Leningrad fronts relieve Leningrad also unsuccessful and led to an environment in March 1942, forces of the Volkhov Front.
December 7, 1941 Japan is a blow to the US naval base at Pearl Harbor. During the attack, which was attended by 441 aircraft based on six Japanese aircraft carriers sunk or seriously damaged eight battleships, 6 cruisers and more than 300 aircraft USA. Thus, in one day destroyed most of the battleships of the US Pacific Fleet. However, by the time the main force of the fleet - aircraft carrier connection to the database.
Besides the US, the next day also declare war on Japan the United Kingdom, the Netherlands (government in exile), Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, Cuba, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras and Venezuela. December 11 Germany and Italy, and December 13 - Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria - declare war on the United States.
December 8 Japanese block British military base in Hong Kong and begin the invasion of Thailand, Malaya and British American Philippines. Released to intercept British squadron exposed to air strikes, and two battleships - the impact force of the British in the area of ??the Pacific Ocean - go to the bottom.
Thailand after a short resistance agrees to enter into a military alliance with Japan and declared war on the US and UK. Japanese aircraft from the territory of Thailand begins bombing Burma.
December 10 the Japanese captured the American base on the island of Guam, December 23 - Wake Island on December 25 fell to Hong Kong. December 8 Japanese break through the defense of the British in Malaya and rapidly advancing, pushed back the British forces in Singapore. Singapore, which until then the British considered "impregnable fortress", fell 15 February 1942, after a six-day siege. About 70 thousand. British and Australian soldiers are captured.
In the Philippines, at the end of December 1941 the Japanese captured the island of Mindanao and Luzon. Residues of American troops manage to gain a foothold on the peninsula of Bataan and Corregidor Island.
January 11, 1942, Japanese troops invaded the Dutch East Indies and soon captured the island of Borneo and Tselebs. January 28 Japanese Navy defeats the Anglo-Dutch squadron in the Java Sea. Allies are trying to create a strong defense on the island of Java, but to capitulate on March 2.
January 23, 1942 the Japanese captured the Bismarck Archipelago, including the island of New Britain, and then take possession of the north-western part of the Solomon Islands, in February - the Gilbert Islands, and in early March invade New Guinea.
March 8, advancing in Burma, the Japanese captured Rangoon, in late April - Mandalay, and by May acquire almost all of Burma, defeating the British and Chinese troops and cut off southern China from India. However, the beginning of the rainy season and lack of strength do not allow the Japanese to build on their success and to invade India.
May 6 surrenders last group of American and Filipino troops in the Philippines. By the end of May 1942 at the cost of minor losses of Japan fails to establish control over South-East Asia and North-western ocean. American, British, Dutch and Australian troops suffer a crushing defeat, losing all of its main forces in the region.
And the Soviet and German side expected from summer of 1942 the implementation of their offensive plans. Hitler zeroing the main efforts of the Wehrmacht on the southern sector of the front, pursuing primarily economic goals.
The Strategic Plan of the Soviet command for 1942 was to "consistently implement a number of strategic operations in different directions to force the opponent to spray their reserves, do not let him build a strong group to reflect the occurrence of any one of claims". The main efforts of the Red Army, according to the Supreme Command, was supposed to focus on the central sector of the Soviet-German front. It was also planned to carry out an offensive near Kharkov, Crimea and break the siege of Leningrad.
However, taken by Soviet troops in May 1942 near Kharkov offensive ended in failure. German troops managed to parry, defeated Soviet troops themselves went on the offensive. Suffered a crushing defeat Soviet troops in the Crimea. 9 months Soviet sailors held Sevastopol, and July 4, 1942 the remains of Soviet troops were evacuated to Novorossiysk. As a result, the defense of the Soviet troops in the southern sector was weakened. Using this, the German command launched a strategic offensive on two fronts: on Stalingrad and the Caucasus.
After fierce fighting near Voronezh in the Donbass German Army Group "B" managed to break into the big bend of the Don. In mid-July, began the Battle of Stalingrad, in which Soviet troops with heavy losses managed to pin down the enemy's assault force.
Advancing to the Caucasus Army Group "A" on July 23 took Rostov-on-Don and continued attack on the Kuban. August 12 was taken Krasnodar. However, in the battles in the foothills of the Caucasus and near Novorossiysk Soviet troops managed to stop the enemy.
Meanwhile, in the central sector of the Soviet command launched a major offensive to crush the Rzhev-Sychevsky enemy force (9th Army Army Group "Center"). However, carried out from 30 July to the end of September Rzhev-Sychevsky operation failed.
Also failed to break through the siege of Leningrad, although Soviet offensive forced the German command to abandon the assault on the city.
When the operation Pointblank was officially completed April 1, 1944, the Allied Air Forces were on the way to gain air superiority over Europe. Although strategic bombing to some extent continued, Allied Air Force switched to tactical bombing in the framework of the Normandy landings. Only in the middle of September 1944 the strategic bombing of Germany once again become a priority for the Air Force allies.
Large-scale bombing around the clock - the US Air Force during the day, the UK - at night - have undergone many industrial areas of Germany, mainly the Ruhr, followed by attacks directly on cities such as Kassel, Pforzheim, Mainz and often criticized the bombing of Dresden.
The summer of 1944 begins the Red Army offensive in eastern Belarus. By the fall of German troops cleared almost all previously occupied territory of the USSR: Belarus, Ukraine, the Baltic States. Just to the west of Latvia surrounded by group of German troops could hold out until the end of the war.
As a result, the Soviet offensive in the north of Finland has announced its withdrawal from the war. However, German troops refuse to leave the territory of Finland. As a result, the former "brothers in arms" forced to fight against each other. In August, the Red Army's withdrawal from the war, Romania, in September - Bulgaria. The Germans begin the evacuation of troops from the territory of Yugoslavia and Greece, where the power in their hands take People's Liberation Movement.
In February 1945, conducted Budapest operation, after which the last European ally Germany - Hungary - forced to capitulate. Begins an offensive in Poland, the Red Army occupied the eastern Prussia.
At the end of April 1945, the Red Army began an offensive against Berlin. Aware of their total defeat, Hitler and Goebbels committed suicide. May 2 after two weeks of hard fights in the German capital, General Weidling artillery accompanied by three German generals crossed the front line and surrendered. An hour later, while in the headquarters of the 8th Guards Army, he wrote an order to surrender Berlin. In the night from 8 to 9 May, the German command signed the act of unconditional surrender of all Nazi Germany. Germany is divided into four zones of occupation: Soviet, American, British and French.
After the war ended in Europe the last opponent of the anti-fascist coalition remained Japan. By the time the war on Japan announced about 60 countries. However, despite the current situation, the Japanese were not going to surrender and announced the conduct of the war to the bitter end. In June 1945, the Japanese lost Indonesia, were forced to leave Indochina. July 26, 1945 US, UK and China presented an ultimatum to the Japanese, but it was rejected.
According to the results of the Yalta Conference of the USSR shall, within 3 months to transfer troops from Europe to the Far East and began a massive offensive to August 8, 1945, in return receiving the Kurils and southern Sakhalin.
To avoid excessive strengthening of the Soviet Union in the Pacific, citation needed 355 days] August 6 Hiroshima, and three days later on Nagasaki American atomic bombs were dropped, resulting in the two cities were almost erased from the face of the earth. August 8, the USSR declared war on Japan, and on August 9 launched an attack and within 2 weeks inflicted a crushing defeat on the Japanese Kwantung Army in Manchukuo. September 2 at 9:02 Tokyo time (at 4:02 Moscow time) aboard the US battleship "Missouri" was signed the act of unconditional surrender of Japan. The largest war in the history of humanity is over.
The state of war between the USSR and Japan were discontinued Joint Declaration of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Japan on October 19, 1956. However, the peace treaty between the USSR and Japan and has not been signed. Japan disputes affiliation Russia four southern Kuril Islands.

Europe was divided into two camps: the Western capitalist and socialist east. Relations between the two blocs have deteriorated sharply. After a couple of years after the war, the Cold War began.

Answer 2

@undeadknight26 @StudyGurl14 @TheSmartOne @perl @kidrah69 @sammixboo

Answer 3

Are you writing these documents or is this a compilation of internet things?

Answer 4

Good job! :D Make sure to sumbit this tutorial too :D

Answer 5

Great job and dont forget who helped create the Atomic Bomb :D

Albert Einstein give him some credit :D

Answer 6

i did forgot really i didn't knew it exactly

Answer 7

Nonetheless, this is some cool stuff you got here :)

Answer 8

wow

Answer 9

yea @AlexandervonHumboldt2 he is famous lol

E=mc2

Answer 10

thx @jagr2713

Answer 11

Anytime :D

Answer 12

@EclipsedStar @Preetha @inowalst

inowalt will be interested for sure in this

Answer 13

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_World_War_II_infantry_weapons

Answer 14

Very thorough, good sources.

Answer 15

Wow. o_o Quite frankly, I liked this post, despite what its about. So much information!! Thanks again, for making posts like this!

Answer 16

\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)\(\large\color{darkgreen}{\bigstar}\)

Answer 17

there are 113 starts representing 113 regions who were involved in WW2

Answer 18

Really?^

Answer 19

Great tutorial. @AlexandervonHumboldt2