4. What can a parent do, in the first two years of their child’s life, to help the child develop good self-esteem?
Fostering a secure attachment between a child and its caregiver typically foreshadows positive social success and outcomes.
Having a strong connection, showing love, and make sure they know how to mentally fight back if someone trying to lower there self esteem.
I would say unconditional positive regard is very important, the parents must make the child feel like it is okay to make mistakes.
They can make their child happy by complimenting them
The parent could treat their child with love and care, and encourage them to do what they would like to do, but make sure to gently yet clearly distinguish between what is right and wrong. They should correct their child's mistakes and do their best to prevent them from making more mistakes, but they shouldn't yell at them, abuse them, or anything like that- rather, a simple and firm "No" is sufficient to make the child eventually realize that said action is not allowed. Additionally, the parent should make sure that their child is well-fed, clothed, etc., and make sure to spend extra time with them, whether it be playing with them, talking with them, reading to them, things like that. It makes a large difference especially if the child is injured; if their parent is the one who usually tends to their wounds, they will grow used to having the parent there to take care of them, but if it is a babysitter who looks after them, they will become more accustomed to having the babysitter. The parent should point out the good points of the child and help the child to work on their weak points, but not make fun of them in any way or push them past their limits. This is just what I think, just for note. I hope that helps! (^_^)
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