Question

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Why doesn't the Sun light get blocked by the Earth when the Moon is on the opposite side if the Earth as the Sun?

Answer 1

The Moon does not orbit the earth in the same plane as the Sun- the circle it takes is tiled from the ecliptic by about 5 degrees. Hence the Moon spends 1/2 its time just slightly north of the ecliptic, and 1/2 its time slightly south of the ecliptic (but always in a zodiac constellation).

Answer 2

In short, because the Earth and the Moon orbit on different planes, the sun isn't completely obscured.

Answer 3

because the Sun, the Earth and the Moon are linear and the light comes from the Sun, not from the Moon. Hence it is not blocked