Question

Describe how mutations lead to genetic variations.

Answer 1

Do u still need help in this ?

Answer 2

NVM I'll just leave the answer here

Answer 3

Mutation is defined as a change in the genetic information of a cell.
If the mutations are on genes in gametes they could be transmitted to future generations. They affect only the organism concerned.
Mutations in somatic cells cannot be inherited to the future generations.
Mutations occur spontaneously or they may be brought about by Mutagenic agents such as gamma, UV rays and chemicals like mustard gas etc.
In general mutations are 2 kinds
1) Chromosomal mutations
2) Gene mutations
Chromosome mutations can be occur due to a structural change of a chromosome or the change in the number of chromosomes.
Structural changes are of different types
1) Deletion of a chromosomal segment
2) Duplication of a segment
3) Inversion of a segment
4) Translocation of a segment etc.

Change in number of chromosomes is mainly due to non dis junction during independent segregation.
eg: Down's syndrome
XXY Condition
XO condition

Gene mutations arise as a result of a chemical change in an individual gene. Alternation in the sequence of nucleotides in a part of a DNA molecule corresponds to a particular gene may change the order of amino acids making up a protein
ex: Sickle cell anemia
Hemophilia
Cystic fibrosis