Question

Please help I will give medal and fan!

Answer 1

9. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that affects the red blood cells. Your red blood cells are typically donut shaped and have the job of carrying oxygen around your body. In people with sickle cell anemia, the blood cells become crescent-shaped and are thick and sticky. They are not as able to carry oxygen, and can even get clogged in the blood vessels blocking the flow of blood, and therefore oxygen to organs, causing pain and organ damage.
Sickle cell is caused by a genetic mutation that changes a single glutamic acid to valine in the 6th amino acid position.
• Examine the codon chart provided above (for #s 3-5), and determine what mutation likely occurred to cause the change from glutamic acid (GLU) to valine (VAL). To help get you started, it is helpful to know that a person with NO sickle cell at amino acid #6 has a DNA code of CTC. (4pts)
Normal RNA: ____________, Normal amino acid made: ___________
Mutated RNA: ___________, Mutated amino acid made: ___________
What type of mutation is this? ________________________________

Answer 2

So do you know what central dogma is?

Answer 3

no

Answer 4

So the central dogma is pretty much DNA replication, transcription and translation

Answer 5

Had you done that before?

Answer 6

I don't know... not that I can remember

Answer 7

So you haven't learned about transcription of DNA? Involving the RNA polymerases, RNA primer, helicase, etc?

Answer 8

I seriously don't remember ill read my lessons and none of it makes sense to me

Answer 9

Okay. I can send you a quick video to help, or quickly explain it

Answer 10

It will be easier if you know, before I explain the question

Answer 11

and I have to get 3 painful assignment done tonight other wise I don't get to see my family for another year or 2

Answer 12

Okay. So did you want me to quickly explain it

Answer 13

sure

Answer 14

So DNA is comprised of 4 nitrogenous base pairs, A, G, C, T. A pairs with T, and C pair with G. DNA is double stranded and antiparallel. This means that there are two strands that fit together with complementary base pairs and that they each run in different directions. Here is a picture to illustrate this

Answer 15

I am getting there. So, when replication occurs, DNA is detached from its complementary strand (for a few moments) while RNA codes a strand that will be used to create a protein later on for the body to use. RNA will code a single gene on the DNA. it will code for its complement, and instead of it using T's, it will use U's as the bair pair complement to A

Answer 16

So we are looking for RNA in the question.

Answer 17

If the mutation is found on the 6th amino acid in the protein, then it can be any one of a combination of misplaced base pairs. lets now look at an codon table

Answer 18

So for glutamic acid, you can either have GAA or GAG as your RNA codon sequence

Answer 19

Now we want to see what valine is. Valine can have GUU, GUA, GUC, GUG

Answer 20

We can also eliminate GAG from our glutamic acid, since your problem said that it cannot be that. So we are starting from GAA and going to either GUU, GUA, GUC, or GUG

Answer 21

Which code for valine do you think it is?

Answer 22

im not sure..

Answer 23

Well, which one (out of the 4) is the most similar to GAA?

Answer 24

GUU or GUA?...

Answer 25

GUA, because it has the G in the first spot and an A in the last spot.

Answer 26

So now we need to find what the original RNA coded for. So we said it is GAA.
And we just concluded that the mutated on is GUA

Answer 27

And you know the amino acids? (hint: they are given in the question)

Answer 28

So now all we have to do is determine the mutation

Answer 29

so GUA would go in the normal RNA spot?

Answer 30

No. Remember, the original was the Glutamic acid which was GAA. The mutated one is GUA.

Answer 31

does this make sense?

Answer 32

not really lol

Answer 33

I don't mean to sound rude. Can you just give me the answers?

Answer 34

I just did give you the answer

Answer 35

for the mutated

Answer 36

And lastly, because we concluded that only 1 base pair is being exchanged for another, this is called point shift mutation meaning that one base pair is being exchanged for another

Answer 37

Remember, the ORIGINAL was the Glutamic acid which was GAA. The MUTATED one is GUA.

Answer 38

gotcha

Answer 39

what about the amino acids?

Answer 40

They are in the question...

Answer 41

"change from glutamic acid (GLU) to valine (VAL)"

Answer 42

wha?

Answer 43

Those are the amino acids........ that is your answer

Answer 44

I quoted it from the question because the answers for that was literally given to you in the question

Answer 45

normal is GLU and the mutated is VAL?

Answer 46

yes

Answer 47

and the type of mutation is point shift mutation..?

Answer 48

yes

Answer 49

ok. Thank you so much!

Answer 50

I have the last couple questions I need help with