Question

Classification of Living Organisms
Bacteria
Protists
Fungus
Plants
Plant Cells and Tissues
Plant Reproduction and Development
Animals

Answer 1

@BenLindquist @EndersWorld

Answer 2

Post

Answer 3

huh?

Answer 4

Going to AP Biology, gimme 5 minutes to switch classes

Answer 5

k

Answer 6

Back, tell me what you need

Answer 7

ok so what i see is that i need to answer the questions in the work sheet he gives us i still dont exactly know

Answer 8

they give us a big packet with stuff to fill in and all but i dont think u guys wanna fill it out

Answer 9

Post the questions.

Answer 10

Post de qeuestion

Answer 11

he wants us to fill this out

Answer 12

Post it one question at a time and I got you XD

Answer 13

Classification of Living Things:

What did Aristotle do to contribute to classifying living things? __________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What did Linnaeus do to contribute to classifying living things? __________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Linnean Classification:
Linnaeus divided nature into three kingdoms: ______________, _________________________, and ___________________. Minerals were defined as nonliving things, like rocks and soil. The animal and plant kingdoms were further divided into smaller, more inclusive categories based on _______________________ characteristics, which at the time were thought to be unchanging. Linnaeus considered any organism that deviated from the norm an imperfect version of the original and did not classify it.

Taxa: ________________________________________________________________________

7 Taxas of the Linnean Classification System from most broad to most specific:
1. _____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. _______________________
4. _____________________ 5. ___________________ 6. ________________________
7. ______________________

Kingdoms of Life:
What are the 5 Kingdoms of Life? 1. ______________________ 2. _______________________
3.__________________________ 4. ______________________ 5. ______________________

Binomial Nomenclature: Binomial nomenclature gives a ___________________ to organisms based on the Latin language, such as the use of Felis catus to to describe a common _____________________. It is rooted in Linnaean taxonomy since it simply uses the genus and species names derived from that classification system. The use of Latin in scientific naming is purposeful. It is a dead language and is no longer spoken fluently. Therefore, it works well for universal naming for species throughout the world.
What is the scientific name for the polar bear? ____________ _____________
What is the scientific name for the tiger? _______________ _______________

Domain System:
In the 1970s, a scientist named Carl Woese began to use nucleic acid sequences and ribosomal RNA to determine links between organisms. These links revealed that organisms with similar ___________________________________ were not necessarily related to one another. In the case of the Bacteria kingdom, ribosomal RNA uncovered the existence of two separate groups of bacteria, _______________________ and _________________________________.
Although they looked similar on the outside, these two bacteria groups were very different on the inside. Archeabacteria differ from bacteria in ___________________________ composition, _____________________________, and resistance to extreme _________________________.
In 1990, Woese and his colleagues proposed a new three-domain classification system that includes _________________, _______________, and ___________________. It did not end Linnaean taxonomy; it simply added a new grouping (taxa) to express new scientific knowledge.
Alternative Classification Systems: Phylogeny and Cladistics:
Phylogeny: ____________________________________________________________________
This evolution of species is represented by a phylogenetic tree of ancestors and descendants, linking one species to another in a ______________ starting from the _______________ of the tree to the _______. Each new branch of the tree represents a change in the line of shared traits.
Cladistics: ____________________________________________________________________________
Cladogram: ___________________________________________________________________________
Clades: _______________________________________________________________________________
Ancestral Trait: ________________________________________________________________________
Derived Trait: _________________________________________________________________________
Use the following vocabulary terms in your own words to explain how a cladogram works. (cladogram, clade, ancestral trait, derived trait) ________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Alternative Classification Systems: Genetic Connections:
_______________________________ help organize species. The ability to see the genetic code that connects all species has defined evolutionary relationships more clearly and provided evidence to support species placement within phylogenetic trees and cladograms. In the case of Woese’s domain system, genetic differences between species led scientists to make changes to the way we classify bacteria.
What is a disadvantage of classifying organisms based off of genetics for categorization?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What is the main difference between classifying organisms using the Linnean Taxonomy and the Claogram methods? _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Classification of Nonliving Things:
There are biological agents in our midst that contain _________________________________________, but are not ________________. These are the _______________ and ___________________, and they need to be classified, too. Although they are made of DNA or RNA and contain an outer protein coat, they are not living organisms and cannot be classified into a kingdom by Linnaean taxonomy. Instead, viruses are categorized by _______________, _____________, _________________, and _________________________________________.
Basic Virus Shapes:
Viruses come in all shapes and microscopic sizes. Some have ___________________________________ and some do not. Some have ______________________________, while others have _______________________________. If we consider the organisms they infect, the classification can get complex. However, there are some basic shapes for the protein coats of viruses. Let’s review these shapes below.
Virus Shape Description Disease/Symptoms





















Viral Infections:
What is the difference between a lytic and lysogenic infection? __________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Did you know? How are viruses used for beneficial reasons? ____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Advantages and Disadvantages of Classification Methods:
Cladistics:
• Advantage: _____________________________________________________________________
• Disadvantage: __________________________________________________________________
Linnaean Taxonomy
• Advantage: ______________________________________________________________________________, ______________________________________________________________________________
• Disadvantage: __________________________________________________________________, ______________________________________________________________________________
Genetic Connections
• Advantage: _____________________________________________________________________
• Disadvantage: __________________________________________________________________

Answer 14

I said one at a time XD or else ima get hella lost trying to answer this

Answer 15

fine but my dba is at 11 so we gotta be fast

Answer 16

What did Aristotle do to contribute to classifying living things?

Answer 17

Mmm, can I give you information and you write it down in your own words?

Answer 18

yes? if this is to hard ill just go in my self

Answer 19

Not to hard, just don’t have time to decipher

Answer 20

Aristotle developed the first classification system, which divided all known organisms into two groups:

PLANTS and ANIMALS

Aristotle then divided each of these main groups into three smaller groups.

Animal Subgroups: Land, Water, Air
Plant Subgroups: Small, Medium, Large

Aristotle’s classification system was not very good. There were too many organisms that didn’t fit. For example, frogs are born in water and have gills like fish, but when they grow up they have lungs and can live on land. So how would Aristotle classify frogs? In Aristotle’s classification system, birds, bats, and flying insects were grouped together even though they have little in common except they can fly. But the penguin is a bird that cannot fly. So Aristotle would not have classified them as birds.

Answer 21

Is this making sense

Answer 22

yes

Answer 23

Need more?

Answer 24

What did Linnaeus do to contribute to classifying living things?

Answer 25

Taxonomy is the part of science that focuses on naming and classifying or grouping organisms. A Swedish naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus is considered the 'Father of Taxonomy' because, in the 1700s, he developed a way to name and organize species that we still use today. His two most important contributions to taxonomy were:

A hierarchical classification system
The system of binomial nomenclature (a 2-part naming method)
Carolus Linnaeus lived from 1707 to 1778.
Carolus Linnaeus
During his lifetime, Linnaeus collected around 40,000 specimens of plants, animals, and shells. He believed it was important to have a standard way of grouping and naming species. So in 1735, he published his first edition of Systema Naturae (The System of Nature), which was a small pamphlet explaining his new system of the classification of nature.

Answer 26

Linnaeus divided nature into three kingdoms: 1

Answer 27

Hmmm...

Answer 28

found it animals, vegetable (or plant), and minerals.

Answer 29

I couldn’t find it, sorry :(

Answer 30

7 Taxas of the Linnean Classification System from most broad to most specific:
1. _____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. _______________________
4. _____________________ 5. ___________________ 6. ________________________
7. ______________________

Answer 31

Species is most specific, Kingdom is most broad

Answer 32

ok Phylogeny: ____________________________________________________________________

Answer 33

Am I defining it?

Answer 34

just like a definition

Answer 35

the branch of biology that deals with phylogenesis.

Answer 36

i found it Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of genetically related species.

Answer 37

What is the main difference between classifying organisms using the Linnean Taxonomy and the Claogram methods?

Answer 38

the particular form of biological classification (taxonomy) set up by Carl Linnaeus, as set forth in his Systema Naturae (1735) and subsequent works. In the taxonomy of Linnaeus there are three kingdoms, divided into classes, and they, in turn, into orders, genera (singular: genus), and species (singular: species), with an additional rank lower than species.
a term for rank-based classification of organisms, in general. That is, taxonomy in the traditional sense of the word: rank-based scientific classification. This term is especially used as opposed to cladistic systematics, which groups organisms into clades. It is attributed to Linnaeus, although he neither invented the concept of ranked classification (it goes back to Plato and Aristotle) nor gave it its present form. In fact, it does not have an exact present form, as "Linnaean taxonomy" as such does not really exist: it is a collective (abstracting) term for what actually are several separate fields, which use similar approaches.<— Linnean

Answer 39

The characteristics used to create a cladogram can be roughly categorized as either morphological (synapsid skull, warm blooded, notochord, unicellular, etc.) or molecular (DNA, RNA, or other genetic information).[7] Prior to the advent of DNA sequencing, cladistic analysis primarily used morphological data. Behavioral data (for animals) may also be used.[8]

As DNA sequencing has become cheaper and easier, molecular systematics has become a more and more popular way to infer phylogenetic hypotheses.[9] Using a parsimony criterion is only one of several methods to infer a phylogeny from molecular data. Approaches such as maximum likelihood, which incorporate explicit models of sequence evolution, are non-Hennigian ways to evaluate sequence data. Another powerful method of reconstructing phylogenies is the use of genomic retrotransposon markers, which are thought to be less prone to the problem of reversion that plagues sequence data. They are also generally assumed to have a low incidence of homoplasies because it was once thought that their integration into the genome was entirely random; this seems at least sometimes not to be the case, however.<—- Claogram

Answer 40

ok thx ill be back at 11:30 ish so wish me luck

Answer 41

Good luck. I feel like I’m not really helping lol

Answer 42

And this is a long thread. Not closed yet, though? XD