Question

Axial Anatomy Study Guide p. 2

Answer 1

please don't interrupt I'm way too stressed out to deal with people right now

This is my attempt to memorize/understand the structures presented in these figures from my anatomy textbook
Figures: 6.3 b,c,d,e
6.4
6.14 a
6.16 a
6.22 a,c
6.23 b,c
6.25 a
6.26 a
7.2 a
7.5 a,c
7.6 a,d
7.7 a,d
7.8 b
7.9 a
7.11 a
7.13 a,d
7.15 a
7.16 a,c

Answer 2

\({\bf{6.23b~Thoracic~Vertebrae:}}\) lateral view

Answer 3

first let's start off w/ the four facets (marked in black)

starting from the right, the top right facet is the superior costal for head of rib (I think? this is where the rib attaches?) and the one below that is the inferior costal facet

Answer 4

the one at the top is the superior articular facet (can remember this by thinking, articular comes before costal in the alphabet so the superior articular is above the superior costal)

then the remaining one is the transverse costal facet

Answer 5

the "notch" next to the inferior costal facet is the inferior vertebral notch
the projection sticking out is the spinous process, like a spine
and the projection next to the notch is the inferior articular process

Answer 6

lastly we have the transverse processes (off to the side, like before) and the pedicle (near the center-ish of the structure

Answer 7

word bank for 6.23b:

transverse costal facet
superior articular facet
superior costal facet for head of rib
inferior costal facet
pedicle
transverse processes
inferior vertebral notch
inferior articular process
spinous process

Answer 8

\({\bf{6.23c~Thoracic~Vertebrae:}}\) superior view

Answer 9

I don't really have a good way to distinguish between the transverse costal facets sorry :S

the vertebral foramen is in the center as usual

Answer 10

borrowing from previous diagrams, we can label the top as the spinous process
the lamina,
and the transverse process

Answer 11

the superior articular process is right next to the superior articular facet

followed by the pedicle and inferior costal facet

Answer 12

this one is pretty difficult but thankfully the next two diagrams are actually pretty easy

anyway, the word bank for 6.23c is:

transverse costal facet for tubercle of rib
superior costal facet
spinous process
lamina
transverse costal facet
transverse process
superior articular facet
superior articular process
pedicle
inferior costal facet
vertebral foramen

Answer 13

6.25a Sacrum + Coccyx

Answer 14

let's start with the articular process (a projection near the top) and the beginnings and the ending of the sacral canal

the entrance starts at the top and ends w/ the sacral hiatus (a hiatus is a temporary suspension of activities, so perhaps you can remember it like that)

Answer 15

the lateral and median sacral crests are fairly easy to memorize

the median is smack dab in the middle while the lateral crest is off to the side

Answer 16

the next two are cornu, which is a type of horn-shaped structure

there's one at the bottom of the sacrum and one at the top of the coccyx

Answer 17

finally, this last one is probably easier to see on the actual diagram, but there's a rough surface on the right side called the sacral tuberosity

Answer 18

word bank for 6.25a:

articular process
sacral hiatus
entrance to sacral canal
sacral tuberosity
lateral sacral crest
median sacral crest
sacral cornu
coccygeal cornu

also know that the sacrum is the large structure and the coccyx is the small one

Answer 19

6.26 the thoracic cage (this is probably the worst drawing of the rib cage like ever)

Answer 20

but anyway, at the top we have the jugular notch and the clavicular articulation (these are very close to each other on the diagram but the jugular is more medial (imagine the neck, and cutting somebody in the jugular) while the clavicular articulation is a bit more medial (like the collarbone)

Answer 21

then the sternum (breastbone) is divided from the superior to the anterior, into three segments: the manubrium, the body, and the xyphoid process

the sternum kind of looks like a necktie to me, and usu. neckties are worn by a man(a "man"ubrium plz kill me now)

Answer 22

on the right side of the diagram, ribs 1-7 are "true ribs" and ribs 8-12 are "false ribs"

so in total we have a dozen ribs, with lucky number 7 as the # of true ribs

and on the left side, ribs 11-12 are the floating ribs (they're not attached to teh sternum)
and ribs 8-10 vertebrochondral ribs (not an easy way to memorize this but obvs. vertebra + chondro (cartilage)

Answer 23

Adapted from Human Anatomy, Martini, et. al. 9th edition