zarkam21:
Help
zarkam21:
@Vocaloid
Vocaloid:
you'd add up the valence electrons as usual, add 1 more since we have a -1 charge, divide by 2 to get the total # of e' pairs, and arrange them following lewis structure rules
Vocaloid:
give it a shot and i'll step in if you're getting stuck or want a solution check
zarkam21:
O added a -1 charge to the two o's wiTH A single bond
zarkam21:
I added *
Vocaloid:
almost nitrogen has a formal charge of 1 here since it normally has 5 valence electrons but only 4 bonds here and 0 lone pairs (5 - 4 - 0) = +1 so you need to add a + to the central nitrogen
Vocaloid:
if you want to double-check yourself in the future, since NO3- has an overall charge of -1, the formal charges need to sum up to -1 if we only put two negative charges on the oxygens, that's an overall formal charge of -2, not -1, so we know we need to add a +1 somewhere
zarkam21:
FOr this I know the overall charge is -2 but I don't know where to put that
zarkam21:
like at the top
Vocaloid:
notice the formal charges on the single-bond oxygen oxygen has 6 valence electrons. in its current state it has 6 lone electrons and 1 bond, so its formal charge is 6 - 6 - 1 = -1 so each of the single-bonded oxygens gets a -1 formal charge making the overall formal charge -2
zarkam21:
What is the formal charge on each of the atoms? Enter the formal charges in the same order as the atoms are listed. of HOFO
Vocaloid:
may I see your lewis structure? as far as I know I don't think any of the atoms have formal charges
Vocaloid:
|dw:1540348011551:dw|
zarkam21:
H-O-F-O
Vocaloid:
ah, if they want all single bonds then your solution would be correct
zarkam21:
B
Vocaloid:
depends on what the structures are
Vocaloid:
whatever structure puts more electrons on the more EN atom, in this case, oxygen, would be the right structure
zarkam21:
These are the hints so I was going off of this
zarkam21:
That it is better
Vocaloid:
i still need to see what the structures are
zarkam21:
I got it lol thanks though
zarkam21:
and two dots on the p which I forgot
Vocaloid:
good
zarkam21:
so to get the minus I would put it on the single oxygen right
Vocaloid:
yup
zarkam21:
SO this would be a plus on the middle o
Vocaloid:
yes, any other formal charges you can see?
zarkam21:
minus on the single o
Vocaloid:
good
zarkam21:
minus on the single o
Vocaloid:
yeah i messed up before it's supposed to have 2 double bonds not 1
Vocaloid:
otherwise, good, then add the formal charges on oxygen and chlorine
zarkam21:
so minus on the single o
Vocaloid:
yeah that's it
Vocaloid:
chlorine shouldn't have one I messed up my structure before whoops
zarkam21:
It says its incorrect and I need to check the electrons
kittybasil:
Did you overload an octet?
kittybasil:
Because I see 5 bonds on Chlorine
Vocaloid:
chlorine has an expanded octet and should theoretically be able to take more than 4 bonds but try removing one of the double bonds to give chlorine a +1 FC
zarkam21:
and putting two dots on the one that I make a single bond right
kittybasil:
Well I learned something new about Lewis structures today, thanks Voca
kittybasil:
^^'
Okay I'm leaving now so you guys can discuss lol
Vocaloid:
yeah, Cl with 2 single bonds to O, 1 double bond to oxygen, formal charge -1 on the single bond oxygen, and +1 on the chlorine
zarkam21:
Nope :/ still wrong
Vocaloid:
you need -1 on both single bonded oxygens
zarkam21:
Still wrong
Vocaloid:
huh.
zarkam21:
do I add something to the double bonded one maybe
Vocaloid:
no, that one has formal charge 0 so it shouldn't need anything.
Vocaloid:
oh the one you have right now needs an electron pair on chlorine
zarkam21:
Draw the Lewis structures for the NO2− ion. Include all resonance structures.
zarkam21:
what does resonance mean
Vocaloid:
this is something to review but it means you need to draw all possible structures of NO2-
Vocaloid:
|dw:1540350690550:dw| there, this is a better image
Vocaloid:
these are both resonance structures because they're the same compound just with different distributions of charge
zarkam21:
okay so is the structure I did now okay if it is I can make the second one to it
Vocaloid:
yeah just don't forget formal charges if they ask for them
Vocaloid:
yeah that should be it, lmk how it goes
zarkam21:
it was right!
zarkam21:
would triple bonds be +2?
Vocaloid:
formula for formal charge: valence electrons - (number of bonds) - (number of lone pairs)
Vocaloid:
try to apply it to the first nitrogen
zarkam21:
so 5 ve in n
zarkam21:
6 in o
Vocaloid:
yes, keep going
zarkam21:
16
Vocaloid:
16?? where is this coming from
zarkam21:
the n20
Vocaloid:
you don't have to add up the whole molecule; consider each atom individually
zarkam21:
oh okay then 10
Vocaloid:
for the first nitrogen what is valence electrons - (number of bonds) - (number of lone pairs)
zarkam21:
10-2-0=8
Vocaloid:
nitrogen has 5 valence electrons the nitrogen has 2 bonds and 4 lone pair electrons so 5 - 2 - 4
zarkam21:
-1
Vocaloid:
yes try to apply this logic to the other atoms
Vocaloid:
for clarity's sake *** valence electrons - (number of bonds) - (number of lone pair electrons) ***
zarkam21:
okay so 5-2-4 again ? :S
Vocaloid:
for the central nitrogen you have valence electrons = 5 4 bonds 0 lone pair electrons.
zarkam21:
1
Vocaloid:
good try to see what you get for oxygen
zarkam21:
6-4?
zarkam21:
-0
Vocaloid:
you also have 2 bonds
zarkam21:
6-2-0=4
Vocaloid:
6 valence electrons 2 bonds 4 lone electrons
zarkam21:
0
Vocaloid:
good
Vocaloid:
so -1 , +1 , 0 for structure A see what you get for the others
Vocaloid:
check C again
zarkam21:
0 and -1 switched
Vocaloid:
first nitrogen 5 valence 1 bond 6 lone electrons
zarkam21:
-2
zarkam21:
0
zarkam21:
for the next
Vocaloid:
good central nitrogen is +1 as you stated check the oxygen now
zarkam21:
+1
Vocaloid:
good so C = -2, +1 +1
zarkam21:
A
Vocaloid:
not quite nitrogen is less electronegative so it will want a higher formal charge oxygen will want a lower formal charge
zarkam21:
c
zarkam21:
No B
Vocaloid:
on structure B, you have -1 +1 0 structure C = 0, +1, -1 C puts the +1 on the nitrogen and the -1 on the oxygen which is preferable to structure B
Vocaloid:
yeah try re-doing them from the top for each of the single bond O's you have 6 valence electrons 6 lone electrons 1 bond
zarkam21:
double bond 0 has +1and n has 0?
Vocaloid:
single bond O's: 6 - 6 - 1 double bond O's: 6 valence - 2 bonds - 4 lone electrons nitrogen: 5 valence electrons - 1 bond - 0 lone electrons
zarkam21:
nitrogen: 5 valence electrons - 1 bond - 0 lone electrons is nt an option for 4
Vocaloid:
*4 bonds
Vocaloid:
5 valence electrons - 4 bond - 0 lone electrons
Vocaloid:
you need to swap them carbon always follows octet; boron and phosphorus violate the octet rule (boron only makes 3 bonds whereas phosphorus can make more than 4)
zarkam21:
co or cs
zarkam21:
co right
Vocaloid:
both of them have carbon as the central atom and thus follow the octet rule
Vocaloid:
uh as far as I know you'd just add up the oxygen formal charges and divide by 4
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