Question

Could someone help me on the double bubble on historical classification

Answer 1

Hey there! Welcome to QuestionCove!
Which part are you confused about on the comparison of the classifications?

Answer 2

History of Classification:

The Classification of Living Things

How can anyone hope to study a subject as big as biology—the study of ALL living things? The best place to begin would be with classification, or grouping things that are alike. Classification shows similarities and differences between organisms.

Biologists who name and classify organisms are known as taxonomists. Taxonomists sometimes disagree on what traits should be used to divide living things into groups. But classification systems help us have a greater understanding of life on earth.

Aristotle's Three Souls

People have been grouping things for a very long time. Aristotle made the first known attempt to classify life into groups around 350 BC. He began by dividing living things into three classes: plants, animals, and humans. He thought organisms in these three classes had different “souls."

Aristotle also divided the animal kingdom into red-blooded and colorless-blood, animals. Mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish were in the red-blooded category, while squid, shellfish, and insects were in the colorless-blood category.

Aristotle thought he should not choose just one trait when putting organisms in a scientific group. For example, a category for "flying" things would lump together ladybugs, bats, and even a few fish, but it would also divide the winged and wingless forms of ants born from the same colony. So, he studied organisms closely and compared them to other creatures before he classified them. Aristotle ended up with the following groups: birds, fish, and four-footed animals. He grouped plants by general size like herbs, shrubs, and trees.

Aristotle's classification system was not perfect, but it started the science of taxonomy—the study of the classification of living things.

Genus and Species

The next great advance in classifying life came in the late 1600s when John Ray recognized that biology needed some sort of naming system instead of just using common names. He came up with a complicated method of describing each organism with a Latin phrase that described it.

Ray used the first word in each of his Latin phrases to name the larger group, or genus. So, the name for any type of rose would begin with the Latin Rosa; any butterfly, would begin with the genus word Papilio.

Ray's system provided the idea of a species. A species is a group of organisms that closely resemble each other and produce more of their own kind. In other words, a seed from a species of apple tree will only produce other apple trees, not other types of trees.

In the 1750s, Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus decided to arrange all living things in a single, large classification system. Linnaeus began by reducing Ray's Latin phrases to two-part names that assigned every living thing to a genus and species. For instance, the catnip plant would be known as Nepeta cataria. Nepeta was the genus to which other similar species such as Nepeta tuberosa and Nepeta nervosa also belong. This system of two-part naming is known as binomial nomenclature.

Working up from the levels of species and genus, Linnaeus then built a series of larger sets based on common characteristics. Everything fit either the Plant or Animal kingdoms.

Linnaeus classified most of Europe's known plants and animals, assigning each to a place described by species, genus, order, class, and kingdom.

Phylum and Family

In 1859, English naturalist Charles Darwin published his book Origin of Species which explained his theory of evolution. This was the idea that over the course of history, new species appear as populations adapt to their environment. Darwin argued that any classification system should be based on common ancestry.

To understand how this works, imagine walking into a large family reunion and trying to recognize the family relationships. You would expect to see the most similarities between brothers and sisters. Cousins would show more differences, but they would still share many common physical features. Those related only by marriage would probably look the least alike, because they would have no close common ancestors. Just like this example, species closely related on the evolutionary family tree tend to resemble one another.

New Kingdoms

Near the end of the 1800s, the German biologist Ernst Haeckel suggested adding a third kingdom of life—protists—as a category to add these strange one-celled organisms. These organisms had characteristics of plants and animals.

In 1959, U.S. biologist R.H. Whittaker developed a five-kingdom classification system. He added Kingdom Monera for prokaryotic organisms (bacteria) and Kingdom Fungi for molds and mushrooms. One-celled eukaryotes such as protozoans and algae remained in Kingdom Protista, with multicellular plants and animals in the plant and animal kingdoms.

Continuing Discoveries

The 1990s brought the discovery of many new prokaryotic organisms that were different from anything seen before. They grew in harsh environments, such as the dark, super hot waters around deep-sea vents, and salt ponds with no oxygen. Biologists initially named the strange microbes archaebacteria, or "ancient bacteria” because many scientists thought they were ancient organisms from a period before Earth's atmosphere contained free oxygen. The discoveries made many experts want to develop a six-kingdom classification system that split Kingdom Monera in two, with the archaebacteria, now known as archaea, in a new kingdom.

In the same way, many taxonomists now argue that there is no reason to mix together plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like organisms in Kingdom Protista. From the start, biologists admitted that the organisms in this kingdom did not have a common ancestor. This led taxonomists to develop an eight-kingdom classification system. An eight-kingdom system is already being used by many scientists today.

Answer 3

well basically what i have to do is i have to compare botch of the new ways of classification and the old ways

Answer 4

the 1st pdf is what i have to complete

Answer 5

the 2nd pdf is the new ways of classification that i havent already done

Answer 6

i got the order wrong i have already done the 2nd one and the 1st one is the template where i need to compare and contrast

Answer 7

Yes, this is quite the challenging topic, haha.
Well, at least you've completed the second.

Well, let's see...the paragraphs you provided are very scattered when it comes to organisms included.

Answer 8

thats what my teacher gave me to fill out the part about old ways of classification

Answer 9

she also gave this video https://youtu.be/MsKZ2XR42oM

Answer 10

Well, all right, let's focus on the current classificiation system first then. Do you know any of the blanks to fill out there?

Answer 11

There are 8 blanks each in total on each side there. And of course, 4 share blanks.

Answer 12

i dont really get what im supposed to put there

Answer 13

Ah, all right. Well, i'll help you fill out some blanks there.
Genus, Species, and Family are examples of those that are part of the current classification system.

Answer 14

oh okay thanks
do i put that all in 1 blank

Answer 15

Genus and Species are part of both, from what I can observe. Family is in the current.

Answer 16

okay

Answer 17

Here, I found this link that can help you understand the current classification system: https://nature.ca/notebooks/english/scinames.htm

Of course, the historical one is the one that stumps.

Answer 18

According to the information, Living things were first classified as plants or animals.

Plants and Animals should go to the historical classification, thus.

Answer 19

thank you so much sorry it took so long it hard to type in the circles

Answer 20

No, that's okay! I assume you got the current classification dealt with?

Answer 21

yes

Answer 22

So, now we gotta deal with that historical system. Hoo boy. How many blanks do you have filled on that side using the information on the website?

Answer 23

would the linnaeus system be current or historical

Answer 24

which webstite are you talking about

Answer 25

The one I sent that gave insight on the current classification. xD

All right, that one is the historical classification. ;)

Answer 26

According to the passages you sent,
"Working up from the levels of species and genus, Linnaeus then built a series of larger sets based on common characteristics. Everything fit either the Plant or Animal kingdoms.

Linnaeus classified most of Europe's known plants and animals, assigning each to a place described by species, genus, order, class, and kingdom."

Answer 27

The fact that it built signifies it's from that it's passed. It's what i'm bouncing off from haha

Answer 28

okay

Answer 29

i just need 1 for both and 1 for current

Answer 30

Ah, all right, cool. Can you by any chance show me a screenshot of how it's filled now?

Answer 31

okay

Answer 32

Ah, great! Okay, so I see you're missing Phylum. Where do you think that goes?

Answer 33

new

Answer 34

Correct. So there would be one left, one that shares both.

Answer 35

Ah, okay. I know one.
Read one of the first paragraphs of the passages you sent.

Aristotle's Three Souls People have been grouping things for a very long time. Aristotle made the first known attempt to classify life into groups around 350 BC. He began by dividing living things into three classes: plants, animals, and humans. He thought organisms in these three classes had different “souls."

Answer 36

What word that you've heard before in classification comes to your mind when you read this paragraph?

Answer 37

classes

Answer 38

organism

Answer 39

Right the first time!
Classes have been around since Darwin, and it is part of the current classification system as well!

Answer 40

And so, I would believe that's your missing blank.

Answer 41

Thank you so much this assignment was due a week ago and i asked my teacher for help and she waited to help me and i missed the zoom call because i was asleep

Answer 42

Ah, all right.
Well, I helped to the best of my ability haha
I do hope that this is enough to get this assignment outta the way!