Question

How do parties create and implement the making of public policies, that is, the laws of the country?

Answer 1

Generally the process is something like:

Candidates from political parties, such as the Democrats, or the Republicans, will run for election for a particular office. Maybe its for President of the United States, or maybe its for the U.S. Senate (both federal/national level). While campaigning they will typically say what they believe and what their platform is, basically what their policies are. Then upon election, they can then begin the process of enacting them.

For a member of the U.S. Senate, they can then draft bills and legislation that they can then propose. They can then introduce these bills and have them voted on. If it passes, they typically these bills are passed onto certain relevant committees who work on the bill then vote on it amongst themselves. Once it passes through the relevant committees, it can then be brought to the floor by the leader of that house, so the Senate Majority leader or the House Majority leader. If it passes that vote, the bill then goes to the 'other house.' So if a bill originated in the Senate, it then goes to the House. A similar process occurs, then the bill goes to the President so he can sign it into law.

For a U.S. president as a member of the executive branch, he doesn't technically create legislation as this is done by the Congress of that state (the House and the Senate). But the President is the one who signs the bill that he gets from the U.S. Congress into actual law. This is what makes a piece of paper *actually* enforceable.

Any number of groups such as citizen groups or other politicians can influence each point of a bill's development, through lobby, protesting, or offering expertise in drafting the bill.