Question

which of the following categories of mutation is considered to be the least harmful?
Deletion
Insertion
Base substitution
regrouping

Answer 1

i dont know this sorry

Answer 2

The first thing we need to do is know what all of those words mean.

They're all forms of genetic mutations.
(Except for "regrouping." I've never heard of any "regrouping mutation.")

I'll explain each one.

And as we're going through this,
keep in mind that genes are organized in CODONS.

CODONS are groups of THREE bases.

And the BASES, in our case, will be shown with LETTERS.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

A DELETION mutation is where one letter is ERASED from the gene.

I'll show you:

Original gene: AAT CCG GTA
Mutation: ATC CGG TA

You see, in this mutation...
one of the bases (A) was erased.

It's all screwed up now.

The very first codon, in the mutated gene, is (ATC),
when it SHOULD be (AAT).

That's because when the (A) got erased,
all of the other letters moved over, and squished in,
so that there would still be THREE letters in each CODON.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~

An INSERTION mutation is where an EXTRA base is INSERTED into the gene.

Original gene: ATC CCG CAT
Mutation: AAT CCC GCA T

You see, in this mutation,
an extra letter (A) was INSERTED into the gene.

Now, all the codons are, once again, screwed up!

For example,
look at the first codon in the mutation. It's (AAT).
It SHOULD be (ATC).

What happened was when the extra base was inserted,
all the other bases moved over, to make room for it.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Finally, a BASE SUBSTITUTION mutation is where one of the bases is changed.

Original gene: ATC CCG AAA
Mutation: TTC CCG AAA

You see, in this mutation,
the first base (A) was CHANGED to a (T).

So, the FIRST codon is all screwed up now.

BUT....look at all the other codons.
They're still the same as they always were, you see?
They haven't changed at all.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Here's a BIG RULE, with genetic mutations:

The MORE change there is,
the MORE harmful it is.

If MORE codons change,
then the mutation is MORE harmful.

Our original question is...
"Which of the [mutations] is considered to be LEAST harmful?"

Answer 3

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