What are the definitions of these word/phrases
1. Frequency-Wavelength Relationship, f = c/
2. Energy-Frequency Relationship, E=hf
3. Quantized Energy
4. “Excited Electrons”
5. s, p, d, and f Orbitals
6. “Precisely Designed Atoms”

Question

What are the definitions of these word/phrases 
1. Frequency-Wavelength Relationship, f = c/
2. Energy-Frequency Relationship, E=hf 
3. Quantized Energy
4. “Excited Electrons”
5.  s, p, d, and f Orbitals
6.  “Precisely Designed Atoms”

frostbite · Answer

Care to elaborate? I mean some of the words/phrases are build from normal words.
But I'm gonna make a guess and try answer your question:

1) As you might know electromagnetic fields travel with a constant velocity we also know as the speed of light, $ c$. Electromagnetic fields are characterized by primarily two things:
a) A wavelenght $\lambda$, which is the distance between the neighboring peaks in a wave
b) A frequency $\nu$, which is the number of times per second at which its displacement at a specific point returns to its original value.

We relate the speed of light, wavelength and frequency into the equation:
$$\large \lambda \times \nu = c$$

2) The energy-frequency relation, set up by Max Planck, suggest that light at a specific frequency carry a specific amount of energy. We summarize the equation as:
$$\large E=h \times \nu$$Where $h$ is Planck's constant.

3) To say something is being quantized, means that we say the something is restricted to take only certain discrete values. A antonym would almost be continuous. So for energy we say the energies (in some contributions) only can take allowed values.
Examples for this is how electrons are allowed to jump between the different atomic orbitals (shells if you like). But the jumping between two specific orbitals always release the same amount of energy - no more, no less!

4) Excited is in physics and chemistry understood as a particle in a higher energy level than the ground-state, $\large \epsilon_{gs} \overset{def}{=}0$.
So when we say excited electrons we mean electrons with higher energy than was the electron in it's ground state.

5) First of all, an orbital is the mathematical idea in order to make a shape that describe the "electron density" (that is where we expect to find the electrons). the s, p, d and f then represent different shapes and energy levels.

6) Don't understand that one. @aaronq might just do. (possibly my insufficient English)

aaronq · Answer

hm i've never heard that term :S maybe it relates to noble gases?