Question

Why was civil disobedience a popular solution for Indians?

They felt helpless to fight the British physically.
Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence was popular amongst most Indians.
Both are correct.

Why did writers’ visions of the present and future change?

They had incorporated the newest scientific understandings of the 20th century.
The brutality of World War I caused them to think the present and future would be changed by this experience.
Both are correct.

Answer 1

first question:


Civil disobediance is a lower risk strategy than armed struggle

With Civil disobediance, more of the masses will be willing to join the struggle, whereas with armed struggle only very few who are very brave will join the struggle

When independence finally comes, with civil disobediance strategy, you will have democracy, whereas with armed struggle there is very high risk of independence being hijacked by army coups
and formation of military dictator

With civil disobediance, you can try to split the oppressor / colonial. Many white british were sympathetic to Indian struggle. For some years, before Gandhi, the Indian freedom movement was led by a white british woman, Dr.Annie Besant.

Civil disobediance will only work with those who claim to have a conscience, such as xtians
By using xtian methods against a xtian coloniser, it played mind games with them and they lost the stomach for it very soon

Dr.Martin Luther King did the same strategy, he got lots of white support

Whereas if armed struggle had been used, with atrocities against white british, the white british would have united against the Indians

Gandhi even went and met white labor class in England

Soon the white labor class realised that the money going to colonialism could be better spent in social welfare programs and health care for poor whites in UK, and there was no benefit to poor whites by colonialism

Whereas, civil disobediance will have no effect on muslim or communist or fascist rulers

The british claimed to be a democracy and civil disobediance showed a mirror to their rotten colonial rule

Thanks to civil disobediance, by 1931, the colonial project was a net loss to the british and led them to near bankruptcy

sources http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130109145518AAyr5hL

Answer 2

Question I'd like to go with- They had incorporated the newest scientific understandings of the 20th century. :)