Question

What is polarity?

Answer 1

Polarity in terms of chemistry is essentially an uneven distribution of electrons or charge


For example,

Fluorine has a high electron negativity (the highest) so it attracts electrons, where as hydrogen has an electron negativity around the same as carbon.

So when these atoms hydrogen fluorine and carbon are covalently bonded together electrons are shared but not evenly the fluorine will hog the electrons causing a partial positive charge around the hydrogen and carbon and a negative charge around the fluorine atom.

For example

H3CF



Not a great drawing but meh

You should also look up vanderwalls forces such as

Dipole induced dipole
Londen dispersion forces

These are all important models for understanding intermolecular bonding

Answer 2

Hydrogen bonding is another example of intermolecular bonding but that is more of a partial covalent bond