Question

Biology Help. ill give u medals on all ur post if u do :D

Answer 1

1. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

Plant Cross


Flower color in a particular plant species is determined by the allele at one gene locus. The allele at the locus can code for either red flowers or white flowers. The diagram shows the results of a cross between a plant with red flowers and a plant with white flowers. Which pattern of inheritance best classifies flower color in this species?
A. polygenic inheritance

B. co-dominance

C. incomplete dominance

D. dominance



2. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

Molecular Structure of ATP


Modified from image courtesy of NLM

The diagram shows the molecular structure of an ATP molecule. Which statement best describes how the energy stored in ATP is released to drive biochemical reactions?
A. Energy is released when adenine is removed from ribose by dehydration synthesis.

B. Energy is released when the ribose sugar reacts with oxygen during aerobic respiration.

C. Energy is released when a nitrogen atom is removed from adenine.

D. Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed by hydrolysis.



3. During glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose reacts with oxygen to produce two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. Which molecule provides the energy used to initiate glycolysis?
A. ATP

B. pyruvate kinase

C. amylase

D. NADH



4. In mammals, body temperature is controlled by a structure in the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is able to sense even slight variations in body temperature. When body temperature rises above a set point, the hypothalamus initiates steps to reduce it. These responses include the activation of sweat glands, increased thirst, and the dilation of blood vessels near the skin. Each of these mechanisms works to restore body temperature to a normal range. Based on this information, which term best describes the condition that the hypothalamus helps to maintain?
A. homeostasis

B. endocytosis

C. ectothermism

D. homogeneity



5. Cloning is the replication of all or part of an organism. Although cloning is still a developing technology, many future uses have been proposed. Which phrase describes a potential medical application of cloning?
A. enhancing the traits an organism already possesses

B. growing new organs for transplant patients

C. increasing genetic diversity in a population

D. correcting mutations in a person's DNA



6. Use the table below to answer the question.

Common Sources of Genetic Variation
at Three Levels of Organization

Level Source
gamete independent assortment
chromosome
?
gene DNA mutation

A student decided to investigate the sources of genetic variation during sexual reproduction. He created the table shown above. Which term most likely belongs in the table as a common source of variation in the genetic material of individual chromosomes?
A. nondisjunction

B. fertilization

C. mitosis

D. crossing-over



7. Which statement correctly describes how atmospheric nitrogen enters the soil?
A. Plants absorb atmospheric nitrogen, then release it into the soil when they decompose.

B. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into compounds that enrich the soil.

C. Animals breathe in atmospheric nitrogen, then release it into the soil when they decompose.

D. Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia, which seeps into the ground.



8. Which statement best describes a property of carbon that makes it particularly suited to forming biological macromolecules?
A. Carbon is a relatively small, non-bulky atom that shares electrons easily.

B. Carbon can resist extremely high temperatures while remaining in the solid state.

C. Carbon atoms arranged in a cubic crystal structure form a very dense, hard solid.

D. Carbon has several allotropes, or structural forms, with distinct properties.



9. A chloroplast is a plastid that uses light energy to initiate a reaction between carbon dioxide and water. The products of this reaction are sugar and oxygen. Which term best describes the function of a chloroplast?
A. food storage

B. breakdown of glucose

C. energy transformation

D. protein synthesis



10. Fertile soil contains humus, a mixture of dead and decaying organic matter. Humus benefits terrestrial ecosystems by promoting the growth of plants, fungi, and microorganisms in the soil. Which statement best classifies humus?
A. Humus is an abiotic material.

B. Humus can be a biotic material or an abiotic material.

C. Humus is a biotic material.

D. Humus is a mix of biotic and abiotic materials.



11. Which statement correctly describes a similarity between the energy transformations that take place during photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
A. Both use light energy to initiate a cascade of reactions.

B. Both require oxygen to initiate energy transformations.

C. Both store energy within chemical compounds.

D. Both convert chemical energy into ATP.



12. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

Sickle-cell Disease and Blood Flow


Image courtesy of New Jersey DOH

Sickle-cell disease is a genetic disorder that causes many red blood cells to become sickle shaped. As shown in the diagram, sickle-shaped cells can clog blood vessels and impede blood flow. What does the effect of sickle-shaped cells on blood flow imply about the shape of normal red blood cells?
A. The shape of normal red blood cells prevents them from forming a thrombus, reducing the risk of stroke.

B. The shape of normal red blood cells reduces clotting time by enabling them to form a thrombus.

C. The shape of normal red blood cells allows them to squeeze through narrow blood vessels.

D. The shape of normal red blood cells increases total blood volume, causing narrow vessels to dilate.



13. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

Frozen Lake Temperatures


The diagram shows the temperatures of a particular frozen lake during winter. Although the air temperature is well below freezing, an insulative barrier of ice will keep the majority of fish and other organisms in the lake from dying. Which statement describes the property of water that makes this possible?
A. Water has a lower specific heat capacity in the solid state than in the liquid state.

B. Water is less dense in the solid state than in the liquid state.

C. Water is more dense in the solid state than in the liquid state.

D. Water has a higher specific heat capacity in the solid state than in the liquid state.



14. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

mRNA Mutation


The diagram shows a series of codons in an mRNA molecule before and after a genetic mutation. The insertion of a guanine nucleotide base has caused the formation of different codons from those in the original gene sequence. As a result, the peptide chain coded for by the gene has been shortened by the formation of a stop codon. Which term best classifies the genetic mutation?
A. frameshift mutation

B. translocation

C. nonsense mutation

D. silent mutation



15. The endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells is most similar in function to which of the following?
A. solar power plant

B. drawbridge

C. factory

D. military base



16. A student added an enzyme to a flask containing a substrate and placed the mixture over a flame. She observed the reaction for a few minutes when she noticed that the reaction appeared to have stopped. She was puzzled because there was still a large amount of substrate left in the reaction flask. A pH test confirmed that the pH of the solution was in an acceptable range. Which is the most likely explanation for the decreased reaction rate?
A. The solution was heated past the enzyme's optimal temperature.

B. The enzyme became unable to fit into the active site of the substrate.

C. The reaction consumed all of the enzyme that was added to the flask.

D. The student added the wrong enzyme to the reaction flask.



17. Which statement best describes a fundamental difference between proteins and other macromolecules?
A. Proteins are made from amino acids that vary in hydrophobicity, resulting in diverse structures and functions.

B. Proteins tend to be very long polymers, so they provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates or lipids.

C. Proteins contain the instructions needed for the assembly of DNA, RNA, and other organic molecules.

D. Proteins are hydrophobic, so they are able to cross the plasma membrane without the use of ATP by the cell.



18. In a species of wild animal, claw size is determined by a combination of two alleles. Allele Q codes for large claws, while allele q codes for small claws. Individuals with a heterozygous genotype possess claws of medium size. Members of the species depend on their claws to be able to burrow in the ground and find food. But in an area where the ground has always been soft, gradual climate change has caused the dirt to become hard and compact. Which statement best predicts the change that will occur in the affected populations?
A. Allele q will decrease in frequency.

B. Allele q will become dominant to allele Q.

C. Allele Q will become dominant to allele q.

D. Allele Q will decrease in frequency.



19. Use the photograph below to answer the question.

Archaeopteryx lithographica


Image courtesy of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

A student visited a museum to study a fossil of Archaeopteryx lithographica like the one shown above. Archaeopteryx is often credited by scientists as being a transitional specimen between dinosaurs and birds. The student noticed the imprints of feathers attached to two wing-like forelimbs. In his discussion of Archaeopteryx, the student stated that the specimen he studied was capable of flight. Which term best classifies his statement?
A. fact

B. hypothesis

C. inference

D. observation



20. Which two behaviors are common to all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
A. cell division and cell differentiation

B. uptake of nutrients and excretion of wastes

C. use of lungs and exhalation of carbon dioxide

D. competition with and predation of other organisms



21. What enables a gene to code for different versions of a trait in different organisms?
A. differences in the sequence of alleles on a chromosome

B. differences in the sequence of genes on a chromosome

C. differences in the sequence of amino acids in DNA

D. differences in the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA



22. Which statement describes evidence that best supports the theory of evolution?
A. Some anatomical structures used by extinct species are also found in modern species, but they serve no clear function today.

B. Fossils of some extinct species are found much more often than fossils of other species from the same period in Earth's history.

C. Some mammals, birds, and insects have the capability of powered flight, while other mammals, birds, and insects lack this capability.

D. Scientists have discovered bacterial species that thrive in pressures, pH levels, and temperatures that would be deadly to other organisms.



23. A plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer that prevents hydrophilic solutes, such as sodium ions and potassium ions, from freely entering the cell. By contrast, most solutes that are very small, hydrophobic, or non-polar are able to cross the plasma membrane under appropriate conditions. Which statement best describes a condition that would enable a hydrophobic solute to enter the cell?
A. The solute is less concentrated outside the cell than inside the cell.

B. The pH is lower outside the cell than inside the cell.

C. The pH is higher outside the cell than inside the cell.

D. The solute is more concentrated outside the cell than inside the cell.



24. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

Meiosis


?
?

The diagram shows an event during meiosis. Which event most likely occurs in the next step?
A. The chromosomes line up along the equator of each daughter cell.

B. Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through recombination.

C. The chromosomes of each daughter cell are pulled to opposite poles.

D. The chromosomes of each daughter cell decondense, and cell division is complete.



25. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

Movement of Water
Across a Plasma Membrane


The diagram shows the movement of water molecules across a plasma membrane. Which term best classifies this movement?
A. facilitated diffusion

B. active transport

C. hydrolysis

D. osmosis



26. In which situation would a genetic mutation be most likely to spread throughout a population of bears?
A. the mutation is inherited as a sex-linked trait

B. the mutation increases the organism's quality of life

C. the mutation is present in both alleles of a gene

D. the mutation produces a beneficial phenotype



27. A mutation occurs on chromosome 18 of a somatic cell. Which statement best describes how the mutation will be propagated?
A. The cell will enter mitosis and pass the mutation on to one of its two daughter cells.

B. The cell will enter meiosis and pass the mutation on to two of its four daughter cells.

C. The cell will enter meiosis and pass the mutation on to all four of its daughters cells.

D. The cell will enter mitosis and pass the mutation on to both of its daughter cells.



28. Which structure found in eukaryotic cells is absent in prokaryotic cells?
A. mitochondrion

B. DNA

C. plasma membrane

D. ribosome



29. Use the table below to answer the question.

Changes in Bloodworm Populations
in Local Stream Ecosystem


Bloodworms, which are the mature larvae of non-biting midge flies, are commonly found in and around bodies of water. Most types of bloodworms can live only in pollution-free, oxygen-rich environments. However, a few species thrive in environments with low concentrations of oxygen and high concentrations of nutrients and pollutants. From the changes in the bloodworm populations shown in the table above, what can be determined about how water in the stream has changed?
A. The water in the stream has become less nutrient-rich, as evidenced by the increase in bloodworm population density.

B. The water has become less polluted, as evidenced by the decrease in the number of bloodworm species present and the increase in bloodworm population density.

C. The water has become more polluted, as evidenced by the decrease in the number of bloodworm species present and the increase in bloodworm population density.

D. The water in the stream has become more oxygenated, as evidenced by the increase in bloodworm population density.



30. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

Energy Pyramid


The energy pyramid shown above represents a valley ecosystem. Which transfer of energy shown below is most likely?
A. from rabbits to green plants

B. from weasels to eagles

C. from eagles to rabbits

D. from green plants to weasels

Answer 2

Post one question at a time, please.

Answer 3

Wow...

Answer 4

I hope this isn't a test @nrg100 ...

Answer 5

1. D dominance
2. D Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed by hydrolysis.
3. A. ATP
4. A. homeostatis
5. A. enhancing the traits an organism already possesses

Answer 6

now i m trying to solve further ones also but will take time

Answer 7

6. since the table is not understood but still tried to answer I think its D.crossing over
7. B. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into compounds that enrich the soil.
8. Which statement best describes a property of carbon that makes it particularly suited to forming biological macromolecules? A. Carbon is a relatively small, non-bulky atom that shares electrons easily.
9. C. energy transformation
10. D. Humus is a mix of biotic and abiotic materials.
11. D. Both convert chemical energy into ATP.

Answer 8

12. D. The shape of normal red blood cells increases total blood volume, causing narrow vessels to dilate.

13 B. Water is less dense in the solid state than in the liquid state

Answer 9

THANK U SOOO MUCH @parna and @xmoses no this is a study island practice u are allowed to use outside resources.

Answer 10

Ok :)
Someone owes someone a lot of medals though... ;)

Answer 11

Did anyone get all the answers?

Answer 12

@nrg100 Did you get them yet? @parna

Answer 13

yes yes thank u

Answer 14

15) c factory
16) 2 possibilities
C. The reaction consumed all of the enzyme that was added to the flask.( 60% chances)
A. The solution was heated past the enzyme's optimal temperature. (40% chances )
17) A. Proteins are made from amino acids that vary in hydrophobicity, resulting in diverse structures and functions.
18) a little bit confused in this question too
either B. Allele q will become dominant to allele Q.
or D. Allele Q will decrease in frequency.
19)C. inference
20) B. uptake of nutrients and excretion of wastes
21) D. differences in the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA
22) A. Some anatomical structures used by extinct species are also found in modern species, but they serve no clear function today.
23) D .The solute is more concentrated outside the cell than inside the cell.
24) Diagram Is needed for this question

Answer 15

i m trying further questions ,but i need others help to rectify my mistakes .. m not sure for few questions

Answer 16

Thank you @parna!! Let me know as soon as you get the rest of the answers. :-)

Answer 17

ok :)