Question

What caused the renewal of interest in the

Answer 1

in the...?

Answer 2

classical civilizations of Greece and Rome?

Answer 3

This may be alot but...

Answer 4

I. Greek and Roman History (82-87)

The classical civilizations that sprang up on the Mediterranean Sea from 800 B.C.E. until the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 C.E. rivaled their counterparts in India and China in richness and impact. Centered first in the peninsula of Greece, then in Rome’s burgeoning provinces, the new Mediterranean culture did not embrace all of the civilized lands in the ancient Middle East. Nevertheless, Greece and Rome do not merely constitute a westward push of civilization from its earlier bases in the Middle East and along the Nile; though this is a part of their story, they also represent the formation of new institutions and values that would reverberate in the later history of the Middle East and Europe alike. For most Americans, and not only those who are descendants of European immigrants, classical Mediterranean culture constitutes "our own" classical past, or at least a good part of it.
A. Greece

The rapid rise of civilization in Greece between 800 and 600 B.C.E. was based on the creation of strong city-states rather than a single political unit. Each city-state had its own government, typically either a tyranny of one ruler or an aristocratic council. Sparta and Athens came to be the two leading city-states. Between 500 and 449 B.C.E., the two states cooperated, along with smaller states, to defeat a huge Persian invasion. It was during and immediately after this period that Greek and particularly Athenian culture reached its highest point. However, political decline soon set in as Sparta and Athens vied for control of Greece during the bitter Pelponesian Wars (431-404 B.C.E.), which left both states exhausted.
1. Pericles

It was during the fifth century B.C.E. that the most famous Greek political figure, Pericles, dominated Athenian politics. Pericles was an aristocrat, but he fit into a democratic political structure in which each citizen could participate in city-state assemblies to select officials and pass laws. Ultimately, Pericles’ guidance could not prevent the tragic war between Athens and Sparta, which would exhaust both sides.
2. Hellenistic

Greek art and culture merged with other Middle Eastern forms during a period called Hellenistic, the name derived because of the influence of the Hellenes, as the Greeks were known. In sum, the Hellenistic period saw the consolidation of Greek civilization even after the political decline of the peninsula itself.
B. Rome

The rise of Rome formed the final phase of classical Mediterranean civilization, for by the first century B.C.E., Rome had subjugated Greece and Hellenistic kingdoms alike. The Romans thus early acquired a strong military bent, though initially they may have been driven to protect their own territory from possible rivals. The Roman republic spread more widely during the three Punic Wars, from 264 to 146 B.C.E. A series of emperors continued to expand the reign of the Roman republic, bringing peace and prosperity to virtually the entire Mediterranean world, from Spain and North Africa in the West to the eastern shores of the great sea. The emperors also moved northward, conquering France and southern Britain and pushing into Germany. Then the empire suffered a slow but decisive fall, which consumed over 250 years, until invading peoples from the north finally overturned the government in Rome in 476 C.E.
1. Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.E.) was one the leading figures in transforming the Roman republic into an imperial form of government ruled by one dictator.

Answer 5

^lol I don't think you answered the question. The renewal of interest of Greek and Roman texts was caused by the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, which led to many scholars, attempting to escape the Turks to flee to Rome, therefore bringing many old texts with them, leading to the start of the Renaissance.