Question

what are the terms for a base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

Answer 1

Do you have choices?

Answer 2

The base is usually called a 'nitrogenous base' and it consists of the four letters: Adenine, Cytosine, Glutamine, Thymine (or Uracil in RNA). They fall under two categories, Purines (G,A) and pyrimidines (CT).

The Sugar is called a ribose, it's a 5 carbon sugar with a 3' and 5' OH. Don't know if it has another name.

The phosphate group are often called the "backbone" since they are the component that bonds with other DNA. It comes off the 5' OH.

all 3 together is a nucleotide.

Just the nitrogenous base and the sugar are called a nucleoside.