Question

What are the three types of symbiosis? @Horselover13



a.

predation, mutualism, and parasitism


b.

mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism


c.

competition, predation, and commensalism


d.

parasitism, predation, and competition

Answer 1

not sure a or b

Answer 2

I think it is a.

Answer 3

hi @ladyi ,
It will be B as said by @horselover13

Answer 4

how can parasitism be symbiotic.
the host in parasitism gets infected.

the answer B but without parasitism.

Answer 5

@deepika.comet its indeed controversial but mostly parasitism is also considered a form of symbiotic relationship

Answer 6

It is a kind of antagonistic symbiosis @deepika.comet

Answer 7

@deepika.comet Symbiosis is just a term that describes two or more species living in close physical contact with each other. The answer is B. I don't know if I would call it controversial, it is pretty well established in the literature. I know we have published papers on parasitisms that we called a symbiosis and had zero issues from the editors and reviewers.

Answer 8

oh....!!

Thanks friends i didnt knew about it.

Answer 9

@deepika.comet Specifically, symbioses are named based on fitness effects. So, the host is the physically larger organism and the symbiont is the physically smaller organism.

For mutualisms, there is a net fitness increase for both host and symbiont

For commensalisms, there is a a fitness benefit to one and no fitness cost or benefit to the other (again net cost).

For parasitism, there is a fitness benefit for one and a fitness cost for the other.

Keep in mind we are talking about NET fitness consequences. Even in mutualisms there is a fitness cost on both organisms that is negative to that organism; however, the fitness benefit is greater than the cost.

Answer 10

@mrdoldum The definition of symbiosis is controversial among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any types of persistent biological interactions (i.e. mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic).

Answer 11

@Abhisar Well, it is not controversial in my field (Mycology). I know some would like to call mutualisms reciprocal parasitisms, but that is about the only controversy in my field.

Answer 12

@mrdoldum oh..!!
May be but i hav different books claiming different definitions..That's why i said its a matter of debate :)

Answer 13

@Abhisar I was much more of a debate when I first started my undergrad about 10 years ago, but I don't know what has happened to general biology since then.

Answer 14

friends dont debate....!

Answer 15

Yes some older books claim it as exclusive mutualism @mrdoldum

Answer 16

@deepika.comet :D

Answer 17

I always enjoy debating with @mrdoldum . He is very learned person

Answer 18

And i always get to know my weaknesses..He is amazing !

Answer 19

@Abhisar By the time you are getting a PhD you get so focused that it can be rather annoying at times. @deepika.comet If there is no debate, then how can knowledge ever move forwards?

Answer 20

yeah he is.....!

Answer 21

Abhisar what are sstudying?

Answer 22

@deepika.comet @Abhisar Thanks guys. It does help that I am a year from finishing a PhD in biology, focusing on molecular evolution.

Answer 23

Hats of to u man @mrdoldum

Answer 24

@deepika.comet i didn't understood !

Answer 25

what are studying now?

Answer 26

@deepika.comet oh i am in second year grad MBBS

Answer 27

Ok it is good speaking to you..!

Answer 28

same !!