question
find the sum of the series. \(\large \color{black}{\begin{align} 1+\dfrac{4}{7}+\dfrac{9}{7^2}+\dfrac{16}{7^3}+\cdots \ \cdots+\infty^{\normalsize +} \hspace{.33em}\\~\\ \end{align}}\)
\(\large \color{black}{\begin{align} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \dfrac{n^2}{7^{n-1}}\hspace{.33em}\\~\\ \end{align}}\)
is this valid \(\large \color{black}{\begin{align} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \dfrac{n^2}{7^{n-1}}\hspace{.33em}\\~\\ \implies \dfrac{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} n^2}{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 7^{n-1}}\hspace{.33em}\\~\\ \end{align}}\)
Recall that for \(|x|<1\), \[f(x)=\frac{1}{1-x}=\sum_{n=0}^\infty x^n\] Take the first derivative: \[f'(x)=\frac{1}{(1-x)^2}=\sum_{n=1}^\infty nx^{n-1}\] Multiply by \(x\): \[xf'(x)=\frac{x}{(1-x)^2}=\sum_{n=1}^\infty nx^{n}\] Take the derivative again: \[f'(x)+xf''(x)=\frac{1+x}{(1-x)^3}=\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^2x^{n-1}\] Set \(x=\dfrac{1}{7}\) and you get your sum.
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