Question

1. Elizabeth I was queen of England from 1558 to 1603. During that time, she ensured that England was able to rule itself as a nation-state and stay separate from which of the following?

Answer 1

Princess Elizabeth Tudor was born the only surviving child of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, on September 7, 1533. Considering how much trouble the king had gone through to annul his previous marriage to Catherine of Aragon (separating England from the papacy in the process), all so that he may produce a son to assure the royal succession, one must conclude that Elizabeth’s birth brought a certain amount of disappointment with it and undoubtedly must have brought delight to those who had opposed the annulment in the first place. Nevertheless, King Henry doted on his new daughter and she was baptized with great solemnity. The Succession Act of 1534 gave Elizabeth and any other children Henry might produce preference over Princess Mary (his only child with Catherine of Aragon, who from this point on would be considering illegitimate) in the royal succession. A lavish household was set up for Elizabeth of which Mary was a part of, involuntarily, and, from a very young age, the king tested his younger daughter’s value on the international marriage market, though none of the proposed unions came to fruition. Hope this answers your question. :)

Answer 2

Independant from the Roman church, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain