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Mathematics 27 Online
zarkam21:

Help please

zarkam21:

1 attachment
Vocaloid:

rational root theorem|dw:1515714386649:dw|

Vocaloid:

first list all the factors of the constant term (p = 15) technically -15 but it's easier to just consider the positive then list all the factors of the leading coefficient (q = 2) then list all possible combinations of +/- p/q factors

zarkam21:

5,3,15

zarkam21:

1,2 for 2

zarkam21:

and i don't know what you mean by "list all possible combinations of +/- p/q factors

Vocaloid:

for 15 also include 1, so 1, 3, 5, 15 2 is just 1 and 2 so we start by listing all possible combinations of the p-factors (1,3,5,15) divided by q factors (1,2) so +/- 1/1, +/- 1/2, etc. (take a look at the first example I posted if it's a bit unclear)

zarkam21:

so would 15 be q and 2 p?

Vocaloid:

p is 15 and q is 2 |dw:1515714790444:dw|

Vocaloid:

|dw:1515714861180:dw|

Vocaloid:

then keep going for every possible combination of p/q factor

zarkam21:

+-1/1,+-1/2,+-3/1,+-3/2,+-5/1,+-5/2,+-15/1,+-15/2

Vocaloid:

good, that's it (I would recommend simplifying when possible, for example 1/1 is just 1

zarkam21:

Oh so all the other numbers over 1 is just that number

zarkam21:

ok*

Vocaloid:

yes

zarkam21:

so 8 possible zeros

Vocaloid:

yes

Vocaloid:

it is asking to list the possible choices so it would be the entire list you wrote not just 8

zarkam21:

yup got that

Vocaloid:

for descartes rule of signs (#14) you will need to determine the # of sign changes for f(x) and f(-x) for f(x) you can simply look at the function as it is already written and count the number of sign changes

zarkam21:

Well i am getting 19

Vocaloid:

|dw:1515715482968:dw|

Vocaloid:

|dw:1515715487866:dw|

zarkam21:

4 sign changes?

Vocaloid:

it only changes from + to - once so only 1 sign change

zarkam21:

so you got that by apply -1 right?

Vocaloid:

the first term is positive the second term is positive (no change yet, still positive) the third term is negative (it changed from + to - so 1 sign change) the fourth term is negative (no change, still negative) so 1 sign change

zarkam21:

got it so the final answer is one sign change

Vocaloid:

yup so we have at most 1 positive root now we repeat this process with f(-x) simply substitute (-x) for x into the function and repeat the sign change count

zarkam21:

okay so 1 sign change for this?

Vocaloid:

check your signs carefully I get -2x^3 + 5x^2 + 31x - 15 so how many sign changes is this?

zarkam21:

from the original ?

zarkam21:

2?

Vocaloid:

good, so at most 2 negative roots so we have 1 possible positive roots and 2 possible negative roots we must also account for the possibility of complex roots (they always come in pairs, so the function must have an even number of complex roots, or 0 complex roots) positive + negative + complex roots must equal 3 for all combinations (since the degree is 3)

Vocaloid:

our possibilities are: 1 positive 2 negative 0 complex 1 positive 0 negative 2 complex that's it (since we can't have 2 negative + 1 complex b/c complex roots come in pairs)

zarkam21:

so the answer is 1 positive 2 negative 0 complex 1 positive 0 negative 2 complex

Vocaloid:

yes

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