Question

what exactly are glands and enzymes

Answer 1

enzymes are a folded proteins, which act as catalysts in chemical reactions. As catalysts they are not used up in the process, and they make teh reaction rate increase. They are usually product specific, and hence a specific enzyme will only work on a specific substrate or type of substrate. For example, Amylase will only break down starch into basic sugars and protease will break proteins down into amino acids, but they will not work the other way around.

Glands are the organ responsible for the production and distribution of metabolising products such as enzymes, or production and secretion of hormones to signal parts of the body to make other substances for example breast milk.

Answer 2

Glands are cells or group of cells which perform the function of synthesis and secretion of certain substances that are needed to perform particular actions/functions in the body. The synthesized & secreted substances may include enzymes, hormones, mucous etc.....
=Mucous secreting cells are called mucous glands.......seen in alimentary and respiratory tract.
=Digestive Enzyme secreting glands are called- Exocrine glands.eg:pancreas
=Hormone secreting glands are called -Endocrine glands.eg:pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas(endocrine part)
=Sebum secreting glands are called- sebaceous glands---seen commonly in large number in skin of face.
=Ceruminous gland- Gland secreting waxy material in ear.

Enzymes(in biology) are complex molecules secreted by cells in the body. These substances are expected to affect the speed of the reaction. Enzymes are substrate specific Ie: one type of enzyme will catalyze the reaction of one type of substrate.
There are enzymes acting at cellular level and enzymes acting on/at an external substrate.
Enzymes acting at cellular level: example- carbonic anhydrase, pyruvate kinase, Enolase, HMG CoA reductase, Dehydrogenase.
Enzymes acting on/at an external substrate-Example digestive enzymes-like amylase, trypsin , pepsin, lipase etc.

Answer 3

Salivary Glands

Saliva is produced in and secreted from salivary glands. The basic secretory units of salivary glands are clusters of cells called an acini. These cells secrete a fluid that contains water, electrolytes, mucus and enzymes, all of which flow out of the acinus into collecting ducts.

Within the ducts, the composition of the secretion is altered. Much of the sodium is actively reabsorbed, potassium is secreted, and large quantities of bicarbonate ion are secreted. Bicarbonate secretion is of tremendous importance to ruminants because it, along with phosphate, provides a critical buffer that neutralizes the massive quantities of acid produced in the forestomachs. Small collecting ducts within salivary glands lead into larger ducts, eventually forming a single large duct that empties into the oral cavity.

Most animals have three major pairs of salivary glands that differ in the type of secretion they produce:

parotid glands produce a serous, watery secretion

submaxillary (mandibular) glands produce a mixed serous and mucous secretion

sublingual glands secrete a saliva that is predominantly mucous in character

The basis for different glands secreting saliva of differing composition can be seen by examining salivary glands histologically. Two basic types of acinar epithelial cells exist:

serous cells, which secrete a watery fluid, essentially devoid of mucus

mucous cells, which produce a very mucus-rich secretion

Acini in the parotid glands are almost exclusively of the serous type, while those in the sublingual glands are predominantly mucous cells. In the submaxillary glands, it is common to observe acini composed of both serous and mucous epithelial cells.

Answer 4

all enzyme is protein....but not all protein is enzymes
used to speed up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy
and only can occur if it with correct orientation
enzyme + substrate= enzyme-substrate complex+ enzyme + product
influence by temperature,concentration of enzyme,concentration of subsrate,...
enzyme can be denatured not used "destroy' , can be bind with substrate many times without changes,has specific active site,active at optimum temperature-36...denatured at-60



cofactor
some of enzyme need company to help it to respond full like best frenz " that is cofactor"

inhibitor
is something that make the enzyme work slowly or stop