Question

what are worm holes?

Answer 1

wormhole is a hypothetical topological feature of spacetime that would be, fundamentally, a "shortcut" through spacetime. For a simple visual explanation of a wormhole, consider spacetime visualized as a two-dimensional (2D) surface. If this surface is folded along a third dimension, it allows one to picture a wormhole "bridge". (Please note, though, that this is merely a visualization displayed to convey an essentially unvisualisable structure existing in 4 or more dimensions. The parts of the wormhole could be higher-dimensional analogues for the parts of the curved 2D surface; for example, instead of mouths which are circular holes in a 2D plane, a real wormhole's mouths could be spheres in 3D space.) A wormhole is, in theory, much like a tunnel with two ends each in separate points in spacetime, or it can be also known as two connecting black holes.
There is no observational evidence for wormholes, but on a theoretical level there are valid solutions to the equations of the theory of general relativity which contain wormholes. The first type of wormhole solution discovered was the Schwarzschild wormhole which would be present in the Schwarzschild metric describing an eternal black hole, but it was found that this type of wormhole would collapse too quickly for anything to cross from one end to the other. Wormholes which could actually be crossed, known as traversable wormholes, would only be possible if exotic matter with negative energy density could be used to stabilize them. (Many physicists such as Stephen Hawking, Kip Thorne, and others believe that the Casimir effect is evidence that negative energy densities are possible in nature). Physicists have also not found any natural process which would be predicted to form a wormhole naturally in the context of general relativity, although the quantum foam hypothesis is sometimes used to suggest that tiny wormholes might appear and disappear spontaneously at the Planck scale,and stable versions of such wormholes have been suggested as dark matter candidates. It has also been proposed that if a tiny wormhole held open by a negative-mass cosmic string had appeared around the time of the Big Bang, it could have been inflated to macroscopic size by cosmic inflation.
The American theoretical physicist John Archibald Wheeler coined the term wormhole in 1957; however, in 1921, the German mathematician Hermann Weyl already had proposed the wormhole theory, in connection with mass analysis of electromagnetic field energy.

Answer 2

Wormholes are hypothetical objects in space-time which link to distant points in space and time via a"throat" or "tunnel" that passes externally to space time, through a hyper dimension. In this respect it can be thought of as a bridge or short cut between two points in space, as the distance through the hyper-spatial tunnel would be much less than that of the distance through normal space.

Wormholes are theoretical entities and have yet to be observed in our universe. indeed, theory would predict that would would take exotic matter with negative energy (not to be confused with anti-matter) to hold open the mouth of a wormhole. Some have postulated that black holes may be a form of wormhole lining together two separate universes, but again, the existence of such phenomenon has yet to be observed.

Wormholes do exist in science fiction. The most notable is in Star Trek, in particular the series Deep Space Nine, which makes use of it as a plot device, as does the Star Gate movie and subsequent Star Gate television franchise.

Answer 3

thanks bro =)

Answer 4

Well if we enter into Black Hole,can we go into a entirely new universe?!

Answer 5

No one knows for certain. Lets begin with what is known as a Black Hole. It is a singularity caused by the infinite warping of space-time (esentially a tear in the fabric of spacetime) due to the concentration of mass inside an infinitesimal volume.

There is what is known as a Schwarzchild singularity, which is the basic black hole. In this Solution to the General relativity Field Equations, a Schwarzchild singularity will form upon the collapse of a non-rotating body such that a point singularity will form at the centre of the colume of space ecapsulated by the event horizon.


But in reality, stellar bodies that form black holes are spinning, and so when they collapse into a black hole, they spin faster and faster, resulting in a rappidly spinning black hole. In 1963, Roy Kerr solved the General relativity field equations for a rotating black hole, though he didnt realise that this was the solution to a rotating black hole at the time. When the solution was analysed, it was found that the singularity was not at the centre of the volume of space encapsulated by the event horizon, but it formed a ring singualrity, essentially a ring of infintly dense matter. It also showed that this ring could be wide enough to allow a man or spaceship to pass through the centre of it without becoming spaghetti by the shear tidal forces of the warped space-time.

So what would happen if you passed through the ring. Well in a Schwarzchild singularity, the singularity at the centre, is known as a space-like singularity, and as such defines the end (or beginning) of time for a black hole (or big bang respectively). For a Kerr singularity, the ring singularity is a time-like singularity and marks the begining and end of space (its all due to the mathematics).

So what would happen if you were to pass through this ring?? Well, it depends on the path that you take through it. The mathematics would seem to predict that a Kerr singularity is a window to another universe. Or, another possibility is that you end up in a different part of our own universe, but because time and space are mixed up inside the event horizon, you could arrive at a different time, in the past, or the future. effectively a Kerr singularity acts like a wormhole, but where it leads you to, and when, depends upon the exact path you take passing through the ring (being careful not to touch its sides.) A traditional wormhole, described by the Einstein-Rosen Bridge, is like Alice going to wonderland through the rabbit hole, for a Kerr singularity, she is going through the looking glass.

There is of course problems with this. The first is that even if you were to manage this amazing feat, then you wouldnt be able to do anything, as you cannot pass through the Event Horizon, as you would require an infinite escape velocity. So you would be in Wonderland, without being able to tell anyone about it. You only have a one way ticket.

Secondly, Kerr singularites have two horizons. The first is the well known event horizon, which defines the point of no return, where if you are outside the horizon, time appears to stop as light appears frozen on the surface (light will actually travel through the horizon on the way to the singularity, but if you were to sit on the horizon and look out, time will be sped up, and you will watch the universe speed by).

The second horizon is known as the Cauchy Horizon. This is the point in a Kerr singularity where all the light falling onto a black hole is infinitly blue-shifted (if you were outside the horizon it would appear to be infinitly red-shifted). For a Schwarzchild singularity this infinite blue shifting occurs at the singularity itself, but for a Kerr singularity, it happens at a distance from the ring singularity kwnon as the Cauchy Horizon. If the light gets increasingly blue shifted, it gains in frequency, and hence energy, and at the moment you cross the Cauchy Horizon, you will be frizzled by infinitely energetic radiation. Every atom of your being would be vaporised in an instant.

So whats the point of this discussion, of traveling through magic mirrors, if you get vaporised before you get to it, or if you do manage to survive, you wouldnt be able to tell anyone of your adventure??? Well there may be a way.

Lets go back to the spinning Black Hole again. The mathematics of Genral relativity, applied to the Kerr solution, indicates that the faster a black hole rotates, the larger the radius of the Cauchy Horizon. If you were to spin a black hole fast enough, you may be able to get the Cauchy Horizon to expand to the point where it meets the event horizon. At this point, the two are believed to cancel each other out, leaving behind a naked singularity. Since a black hole is the point were nothing can escape the impending singularity, the removal of it through the collison of the two horizons, would leave the singularity open to be viewed and probed, for free passage through the ring singularity!!!! (another method of making a naked singularity is through hawking radiation, or from the collapse of a highly non-spherical mass, but this is unlikely).

Naked Singularities are contentious, and Physicists beleive that if naked Kerr singularities were to exsist, we would not be able to travel through them to another universe or a distant part of our own. The reason being that if we could we could use it as a time machine, which creates a load of other problems. Also, singularities will be governed by quantum mechanics, and since we do not have a succesful theory for quantum gravity, we cannot truly understand exactly what goes on inside the event horizon, or near the singularity. It should also be pointed out that the Kerr Solution uniquely describes what occurs outside of a stationary rotating black hole, we cant know for sure if it correctly describes what goes on inside them.

The lesson then, dont go sticking your head into black holes.

Answer 6

ha ha wow thats awesum :D

Answer 7

I did and now am stuck in D-BRANES! =(