five ordinary quarters and a fake quarter with two heads are places in a hat. One quarter is selected at random and tossed twice. If the outcome is "HH", what is the probability that the fake quarter was selected?
1/6 I'd say
Ok, You have observed HH. The probability of getting that with a fair coin is 1/4, and you have a 4/5 chance of getting that. The probability of getting HH with your fake coin is 1 (has to happen), but you have a 1/5 chance of getting this. So there is 1/4*4/5 + 1/5 = 2/5 chance that you get HH for a random coin in the bag. But you got HH, so you treat that as if it is 100%, and your answer is P(fake HH)/P(total HH)=1/5 / 2/5 = 1/2 or 0.5
functional, how do you have a 1/5 chance of getting the fake coin if there are 6 coins in the bag?
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