Question

What is the maxwell's theory? with equation

Answer 1

The solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter with which we are most familiar are accompanied by a fourth state in the space environment. The upper atmosphere of the planets, and the entire solar system, is filled with a rarefied plasma, in which the energies of the charged particles which make up this medium, mostly protons and electrons, are so great that the electrical forces that bind these particles together as atoms are overcome. Although these plasmas are generally so rarified that they do not interact through normal collisions, and hence are termed collisionless, they do interact with each other through the electromagnetic force. The laws which describe the behavior of the electromagnetic force were first compiled into a self- consistent theory in 1864 by the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), and since then the theory of electromagnetism has been called Maxwell theory, and the four key equations of electromagnetism called Maxwell's laws or Maxwell's equations.\[[F=q(E+v \div c \times B)]\]
\[F=q(E+v \times B) \]
where F is the electromagnetic force (in newtons), q is the magnitude of electric charge of a given particle (in coulombs), E is the electric field vector (in V m-1), v is the velocity of the particle (in m s-1), c is the speed of light (in m s-1), and B is the magnetic field vector (in tesla). The equation on the left side of expression (1) and quantities in parenthesis are in SI units. However, for historical reference, equations will also be given in Gaussian units, in which the electric fields and magnetic fields have equivalent units. In Gaussian units, electric fields are measured in statvolts, magnetic fields in gauss, and the electromagnetic force in dyne cm-2. This system of units is no longer in widespread use, but has been utilized extensively in previous work and can be frequently found in the older literature.

Answer 2

\[c = 1/u0*e0\]