@jagatuba In the following sentence (APA style): According to studies by Bertoti (1988), Biery & Kaufman (1989) and Fox, Lawlor and Luttges (1984), horses have provided positive results with therapy for those of all ages with different abilities (All et al., 1999, p. 52).
I am listing the authors: (Bertoti, Biery, etc.) because they are cited by the Authors I took the idea from: (All et al.). My professor requested I lead into any paraphrases or quotes that are actually citations with the names of the original authors. My question is, should I include the years those papers were published?

Question

@jagatuba In the following sentence (APA style): According to studies by Bertoti (1988), Biery & Kaufman (1989) and Fox, Lawlor and Luttges (1984), horses have provided positive results with therapy for those of all ages with different abilities (All et al., 1999, p. 52). 
I am listing the authors: (Bertoti, Biery, etc.) because they are cited by the Authors I took the idea from: (All et al.). My professor requested I lead into any paraphrases or quotes that are actually citations with the names of the original authors. My question is, should I include the years those papers were published?

anonymous · Answer

Just to explain further, I do not have the original articles for Bertoti, Beiry, etc. and do not have them in my references page but my prof still wanted me to give them credit in the in-text citation

jagatuba · Answer

@PTAsarah No this is all messed up the way that you have it. Let's start first with whether what you have there is a quote or a paraphrase. Which is it?

anonymous · Answer

It's a paraphrase of All et al.'s paraphrase of Bertoti, Biery, and Fox(etc.)

jagatuba · Answer

Okay that is what I though because I did not see quotes, but was getting confused as you listed the page number. In APA the only time you need to list the page or paragraph numer is when you are quoting directly. So We are going to fix this step by step. First copy and paste your sentence from above and delete the p. 52 part.

anonymous · Answer

According to studies by Bertoti (1988), Biery & Kaufman (1989) and Fox, Lawlor and Luttges (1984), horses have provided positive results with therapy for those of all ages with different abilities (All et al., 1999)

jagatuba · Answer

Okay now who is the author of YOUR source?

jagatuba · Answer

First and last please.

anonymous · Answer

All et al. is who I got it from (It's 3 authors and I've already spelled them out in the paper so I just put All (the first author) et al.)

jagatuba · Answer

All names then first and last.

anonymous · Answer

Anita C. All, Gary L. Loving and Laura Lee Crane

jagatuba · Answer

Question: Is this the first citation of this source? In other words, have you cited this source earlier in the paper?

anonymous · Answer

Nope, I've already cited them earlier in the paper.

jagatuba · Answer

I ask because when you have three to five authors in one source the first citation goes:

(Author1, Author2, & Author3, Date)

Subsequent citations go:

(Author1, et al., Date)

jagatuba · Answer

Okay then at this point the parenthetical citation is right, but we will probably change it whe we sort the rest of this out.

anonymous · Answer

Okay, what should I do about the authors that were originally paraphrased?

jagatuba · Answer

Now there are a number of problems earlier in the sentence to lead the reader to believe that this paraphrase is from several sources. this is not what you want because it is only from one source; YOUR source. 

Lets start with the transition into the sentence. When you use the transition "According to . . ." you are usually indicating that what follows is the author of your source.  So:

"According to studies by Bertoti (1988), Biery & Kaufman (1989) and Fox, Lawlor and Luttges (1984)"

says to me that you source(s) are studies from Bertoti, ect. and NOT All et. al.  

"Bertoti (1988), Biery & Kaufman (1989) and Fox, Lawlor and Luttges (1984)"

is actually part of your paraphrase. Therefore you need to rephrase your transition so that you mention YOUR source rather than your source's sources. So pasted what you have modified above and fix that transition.

anonymous · Answer

How about:  Bertoti (1988), Biery & Kaufman (1989) and Fox, Lawlor and Luttges (1984) all produced studies that found that horses have provided positive results with therapy for those of all ages with different abilities (All et al., 1999)

anonymous · Answer

Or: All et al. discusses how the consensus of studies done by Bertoti (1988), Biery & Kaufman (1989) and Fox, Lawlor and Luttges (1984) found that horses have provided positive results with therapy for those of all ages with different abilities (1999).

anonymous · Answer

Sorry about this, but I really have to go to bed. If you can suggest anything to get me started in the right direction I'd appreciate it. I'll check this tomorrow and work on it some more. Thank you so much for all your help.

jagatuba · Answer

You could do that or something like:

According to All et al. (1999), studies from . . . 

Either way is okay so use which ever one fits best within the rest of your sentences, Just remember that if you use my example ^ up there, remove the parenthetical citation at the end of the sentence. Either:

Bertoti . . . abilities (All et al., 1999).

OR

According to All et al. (1999) . . . abilities.

So in YOUR second example:

"All et al. discusses how the consensus of studies done by Bertoti (1988), Biery & Kaufman (1989) and Fox, Lawlor and Luttges (1984) found that horses have provided positive results with therapy for those of all ages with different abilities (1999)."

the "(1999)" needs to be moved to behind the All et al.

So after that there is only one thing left to fix. Since this is a paraphrase and not a direct quotation of your source the parenthetical citations that your source uses to cite their sources are not necessary and in fact, muddle who is actually YOUR source. For example:

Jones (2011) explains that based on studies by Felix (1843) and Williams (1867), cats are prone to trichobezoars. 

could be confusing as to which was my source; Jones or Felix or Williams or all of them. Since Jones was my source and I'm paraphrasing it would be better to phrase it as follows:

Jones (2011) explains that based on studies by Felix in 1843 and Williams in 1867, cats are prone to trichobezoars.

OR even simply:

Jones (2011) explains that based on studies, cats are prone to trichobezoars. (although this one would not fit your instructor's request of mentioning the original authors.)

However, perhaps I want to quote Jones instead on his statement:

Studies on cats were conducted in the mid-19th century. According  to Felix (1843) and Williams (1867), cats are prone to trichobezoars.

I would quote that like this:

According to Jones (2011), studies by "Felix (1843) and Williams (1867), cats are prone to trichobezoars" (p. 17).

So if you fix it so that your source is not going to be confused with your source's source you will be all set. 

If you have any other questions let me know. Also, I would be curious to see your final modification of this sentence.

anonymous · Answer

Thanks so much! This is what I'm going to go with:
All et al. (1999) discusses how the consensus of studies done by Bertoti in 1988, Biery and Kaufman in 1989 and Fox, Lawlor and Luttges in 1984, found that horses have provided positive results with therapy for those of all ages with different abilities.

I will let you know if I have more questions too but I think you've guided me to the point now where I can correct my other sentences I was questioning. Thanks again!

jagatuba · Answer

That looks perfect and yes, I agree. I think you got it. ＼(^o^)／