Question

The contents of a parenthetical citation depend on

• whether the information is a direct quote or a paraphrase.
• the publisher and place of publication.
• the type of source it references.
• the American Literature Association's guidelines.

Answer 1

Type of source.

This is true across MLA, APA, and Chicago styles. If you have a written source, you may use a page number in the in-text citation. If you have no author, you may use the title instead.
Here are more examples:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/2/

Citation styles will come more naturally after you've had a write a few dozen research papers. :[

Answer 2

Huh?

Answer 3

Your question is asking what determines if you put (Williams, 2004) or (Williams) or (2004) or (Williams, p36, 2004) following a quote / paraphrase / other reference.

If you look at the OWL at Purdue page linked there you'll see that there are different options to click on to see how to cite, based on if the source you are referencing is a book, or an article, or a website, or a movie, or a...
It's also dependent on which citing style is called for, APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian, etc.

Answer 4

Thank you guys I got this one already :D