Question

How can you make p-aminobenzoic acid from benzene?

Answer 1

first benzene should be alkylated,then nitrated and then treated with KMnO4/OH- and u the required product

Answer 2

my first step to alkylate bezene was because both NO2+ and COO GROUP ARE ELECTRON WITHDRAWING

Answer 3

they direct incoming electrophile towards meta position. therefore if u first add NO2 or COO group,it won't get u anywhere. u need a substituent which is electron donating(ortho para directing) and can be later converted to the desired electrophile(depends on which electrophile u first at para position).CH3(or any other alkyl group,but the carbon atom which is attached to the benzene ring must have at least one alpha hydrogen) is e donating and when attached to benzene ring, can be converted to coo group by treatment with kmno4/oh-.ch3 will direct no2+ to para position(ortho product will also be formed but para product will be the major one).after that u can treat the product just formed with kmno4/oh- and get the desired product