Question

hi guys, can you please give me the limitations and applications of the first law and second law of thermodynamics? thank you!

Answer 1

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Answer 2

hello

Answer 3

1 st low of thermo is basically a low of conservation of energy....it gives us the relation between heat added to the system, work done by or on the system and change in internal energy of the system...
limitations...
1. No restriction on the direction of the flow of heat: the first law establishes definite relationship between the heat absorbed and the work performed by a system. The first law does not indicate whether heat can flow from a cold end to a hot end or not. For example: we cannot extract heat from the ice by cooling it to a low temperature. Some external work has to be done.

2. Does not specify the feasibility of the reaction: first law does not specify that process is feasible or not for example: when a rod is heated at one end then equilibrium has to be obtained which is possible only by some expenditure of energy.

3. Practically it is not possible to convert the heat energy into an equivalent amount of work.

Answer 4

The second law is problematic on the smallest scales. For example collision between gas molecules. Such collisions are time reversible, so can be rewound in phase space and appear to violate the second law.

Answer 5

2nd low of thermo is used in carnot engines, heat engines , refrigerators, air conditioners.

Answer 6

hello guys :)