Question

"All the nations of the Franks trembled at that terrible army, and they betook them to their king Caldus (Charles Martel), and told him of the havoc made by the Moslem horsemen, and bow they rode at their will through all the land of Narbonne, Toulouse, and Bordeaux, and they told the king of the death of their count."
— Anon Arab Chronicler

This passage is discussing

A) the Battle of Corboda

B) the Battle of Poitiers

C) the Mamluk overthrowing of the Abbasids

D) the invasion of the Byzantine Roman Empire

Answer 1

(B) the Battle of Poitiers, or as it's also known, the Battle of Tours

The others don't fit the excerpt. There was really no single "Battle of Cordoba" aside from its long decline in the centuries following the Battle of Poitiers, its place in history during the Reconquista, etc. -- and Charles Martel was long dead by then. The Mameluk overthrow the Abbasids did not impact Muslim Spain as it occurred within the region of the Middle East on the opposite side of the Mediterranean. And Muslim Spain owed more to the rise of the Umayyads who survived the Abbasid overthrow in the Middle East years earlier, so there's really no connection there.

And (D) is just inherently wrong. The Byzantines did not engage the Franks in a direct invasion. Mentions of "Moslem horsemen" should also be a tip off that it had nothing to do with the Byzantines or their themes.