Question

Someone please help I can't figure these out
A mutation that causes changes in the amino acid sequence downstream of the mutation is called
1. a point mutation.
2. a translocation mutation.
3. a substitution mutation.
4. a frameshift mutation.
What type of mutation is albinism? (1 point)
1. advantageous
2. lethal
3. neutral
4. deleterious
An original DNA sequence and a mutated form of this sequence are shown below. What type of mutation occurred?
Original: -G-C-T-T-A-G-T-C-C-A-G-T-A-
Mutation: - G-T-A-G-C-T-T-A-G-T-C-C-A-
1. translocation
2. insertion
3. deletion
4. inversion

Answer 1

@FirstFrostByte

I don't think the last one is an inversion mutation.

In an inversion mutation, a part of the DNA sequence is taken out, and switched around.

For example:

Original: GTA GCT TTA
Inverstion: ATG GCT TTA

You see how the first codon (GTA)
was taken out, and switched backward, into (ATG)?

That's how we know it's an inversion mutation.

Answer 2

So what would it be then?

Answer 3

I don't wanna just throw the answer at you.

I could do more to help you, by explaining each of those types of mutations, for you.

Is that okay?

I've already explained INVERSION mutations.

~~~~~~~~~~

So, let me explain DELETION mutations.

A deletion mutation is where a part of the DNA just disappears, into thin air.

Let me show you:

Original: TAG GCC CAT
Deletion:T G GCC CAT

You see how the letter A just disappeared?
This is a deletion mutation.

Whenever any part of the DNA just disappears, it's a deletion mutation.

And it doesn't have to be just one letter.
Sometimes, in a deletion mutation, more than one letter will disappear.

~~~~~~~~~~~

Now, I'll explain INSERTION mutations.

An insertion mutation is where a new letter, or a new group of letters, gets thrown into a DNA strand.

Here's what it looks like:

Original: TAG GCT AAT
Insertion:TAGCGCT AAT

Do you see how the insertion DNA has an extra letter C in it? (After TAG)

That extra letter C was INSERTED into the DNA.

That's why we call it an INSERTION mutation.

And once again, it isn't just one extra letter, that is inserted.

Sometimes, more than one extra letter is thrown into the original DNA.
And that's when we have an INSERTION mutation.

Here's another INSERTION mutation example for you,
where more than one letter has been inserted:

Original: GCT AAA GTA
Insertion:GCT ATC AAA GTA

Do you see how there's an extra ATC in there, that wasn't in the original DNA?

That's an insertion mutation.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

And finally, let me explain TRANSLOCATION mutations.

A translocation mutation is where one part of the DNA is moved, from one place to another.

If you rip out a part of the original DNA,
and paste it onto a different place,
you get a TRANSLOCATION mutation.

Here's an example:

Original: GTA AAT GCC
Translocation: GT AAT GCCA

Do you see where the A was taken out,
and put into a totally different place, on the DNA?

That's a TRANSLOCATION mutation.

Here's another example:

Original: GTA CCG AAG
Translocation: G CCG AAGTA

Do you see how the TA was taken out,
and put into a different location?

That's a TRANSLOCATION mutation.

And again,
sometimes, only one letter is moved to a different place.
And sometimes, more than one letter is moved, to a different place.

It's still translocation.