Question

how to differentiate protooncogens and oncogenes genetically

Answer 1

Introduction to Proto-oncogenes






Proto-oncogenes are a group of genes that cause normal cells to become cancerous when they are mutated (Adamson, 1987; Weinstein & Joe, 2006). Mutations in proto-oncogenes are typically dominant in nature, and the mutated version of a proto-oncogene is called an oncogene. Often, proto-oncogenes encode proteins that function to stimulate cell division, inhibit cell differentiation, and halt cell death. All of these processes are important for normal human development and for the maintenance of tissues and organs. Oncogenes, however, typically exhibit increased production of these proteins, thus leading to increased cell division, decreased cell differentiation, and inhibition of cell death; taken together, these phenotypes define cancer cells. Thus, oncogenes are currently a major molecular target for anti-cancer drug design.

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/proto-oncogenes-to-oncogenes-to-cancer-883

Answer 2

proto-oncogene

A gene, that promotes the specialization and division of normal cells, that becomes an oncogene following mutation

oncogene

Any gene that contributes to the conversion of a normal cell into a cancerous cell when mutated or expressed at high levels.

Answer 3

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Genes associated with cancer are called oncogenes. Oncogenes were first seen in viruses, but have since been observed in humans and other animals. The opposite of oncogenes are proto-oncogenes, which code for normal proteins.

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Proto-oncogenes can become an oncogene with a mutation in the the control element or gene causing increased protein production.

Answer 4

oh.. thank u..how oncogenes are characterized?

Answer 5

mutated genes causing cancer